Arun Sharma and Meenakshi Upadhyay Solutions for Chapter: New Verbal Question Types, Exercise 12: Exercise

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NATO has strongly condemned Russia for violating Turkey's airspace after Ankara reported two incursions in two days-incidents that risk further inflaming tensions days after Russia's military intervention in Syria began. Ambassadors from the 28 NATO member states held an emergency meeting in Brussels to respond to what the NATO secretary general, Jens Stoltenberg, called 'unacceptable violations of Turkish airspace' by a Russian jet. A Russian warplane again violated Turkish airspace on Sunday, a Turkish foreign ministry official said late on Monday, prompting Ankara to summon Moscow's ambassador. It had done the same following a violation on Saturday, and said Russia would be held 'responsible for any undesired incident that may occur' if it were repeated.

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An important question is, for example, whether Christianity is true. This is not a question one can relate to theoretically or academically. For a person who 'understands himself in life', it is a question of life and death. It is not something you sit and discuss for discussion's sake. It is something to be approached with the greatest passion and sincerity. If you fall into the water, you have no theoretical interest in whether or not you will drown. It is neither interesting' nor 'uninteresting' whether there are alligators in the water. It is a question of life or death. So we must therefore distinguish between the philosophical question of whether God exists and the individual's relationship to the same question, a situation in which each and every man is utterly alone. Fundamental questions such as these can only be approached through faith.

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Questioning 4000 people across the UK about the costs of common procedures and treatments, the respondents put the cost of a liver transplant at £12,279, whereas it actually costs £70,000. They believed the number of annual NHS bariatric-related surgeries to be about 25,000 when it is actually double that; last year, it cost the NHS in excess of £25m. The average cost of a natural birth was estimated to be £1288 when it is instead £1824, and that's without any complications.

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Roosevelt's presidential vision impressively combined philosophic principles with pragmatic effectiveness as a politician. Roosevelt's most fundamental political belief was an 'absolute acquiescence in the decisions of the majority. Stemming from his deep optimism in human reason, Roosevelt believed that the will of the people, expressed through elections, provided the most appropriate guidance for directing the republic's course. Roosevelt also felt that the Central Government should be 'rigorously frugal and simple'. As president, he reduced the size and scope of the Federal Government by ending internal taxes, reducing the size of the army and navy and paying off the government's debt. Limiting the Federal Government flowed from his strict interpretation of the Constitution.

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Current global efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions leave about half of the reductions needed still to be found, according to a new analysis by the UN. The report suggests that governments will have to go much further in their pledges to limit future carbon dioxide emissions, which have been submitted to the UN ahead of the crunch conference on climate change taking place this December in Paris. Ways for governments to ramp up their commitments in future are one of the key components of the Paris talks. The UN Environment Programme (Unep) published a report showing that global emission levels should not exceed 48 gigatonnes (GT) of carbon dioxide equivalent by 2025, and 42 GT in 2030, if the world is to have a good chance of holding global warming to no more than 2°C on average above pre-industrial temperatures.

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Researchers in the US followed 90,000 nurses over 20 years who reported their diet in early adulthood. Half of the nurses involved also reported their typical diet throughout their adolescence. Researchers drew a link between high fruit consumption of 2.9 vs. 0.5 daily servings and about 25% reduced risk of breast cancer diagnosis in midlife. Drinking fruit juice didn't appear to affect disease risk but eating apples, bananas, grapes, oranges and kale was associated with the greatest reduction in risk, according to a news release.

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Scientists who study emotional reactions like crying have found that women have much smaller tear ducts than men. Both sexes may have a strong reaction to something but men's tear ducts are so big that the liquid stays put and eventually drains away. In women, the tears quickly overwhelm the duct and spill out down their cheeks. But, as females grow old, the size of their tear ducts becomes almost equal to that of their male counterparts. So, there is not much difference in a crying pattern based on gender in older people. 

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In some communities, elections for local office are held separately from all federal and state elections, so that the electorate pays attention to the local issues. However, in those cases, while citizens face shorter ballots, they are asked to go to the polls much more often, with a consequent drop-off in turnout. Citizens in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where state elections are held separately from federal elections and local elections are held separately from state elections, were asked to go to the polls 11 times in the 2003-04 biennium. Citizens have the right to express their views, but because they are asked to so often, many choose not to exercise the franchise.