Embibe Experts Solutions for Chapter: Atomic Physics, Exercise 2: Exercise - 2

For the structural analysis of crystals, $X-$rays are used because:

The figure shows the intensity-wavelength relations of $X‐$rays coming from two different Coolidge tubes. The solid curve represents the relation for the tube $A$ in which the potential difference between the target and the filament is $V_{\mathrm{A}}$ and the atomic number of the target material is $Z_{\mathrm{A}}$. These quantities are $V_{\mathrm{B}}$ and $Z_{\mathrm{B}}$ for the other tube. Then,

If ${\mathrm{\lambda }}_{\min }$ is minimum wavelength produced in $X-\mathrm{ray}$ tube and ${\mathrm{\lambda }}_{\mathrm{k\alpha }}$ is the wavelength of $k_{\mathrm{\alpha }}$ line. As the operating tube voltage is increased. 

According to Moseley’s law the ratio of the slopes of the graph between $\sqrt{v}$ and $Z$ for $K_{\mathrm{\beta }}$ and $K_{\mathrm{\alpha }}$ is : 

If the frequency of $K_{\mathrm{\alpha }} X-\mathrm{ray}$ emitted from the element with atomic number $31$ is $f$, then the frequency of $K_{\mathrm{\alpha }} X-\mathrm{ray}$ emitted from the element with atomic number $51$ would be (assume that screening constant for $K_{\mathrm{\alpha }}$ is $1$) :

An $\mathrm{\alpha }$ particle with a kinetic energy of $2.1 \mathrm{eV}$ makes a head on collision with a hydrogen in ground state atom moving towards it with a kinetic energy of $8.4 \mathrm{eV}.$The collision.

In an $\mathrm{X} \mathrm{ray}$ tube the electrons are expected to strike the target with a velocity that is $10\%$ of the velocity of light. The applied voltage should be

In and atom an electron excites to the fourth orbit. When it jumps back to the energy levels a spectrum is formed. Total number of spectral lines in this spectrum would be