Question

What are the different techniques to clone organisms? List and outline three.

Accepted Answer

A clone is a group of individuals that are genetically identical. Cloning is a technique to make exact copy of living organisms. There are different types of cloning: embryo cloning (embryo splitting), nuclear transfer, tissue cloning, etc., are the different types of cloning.

Embryo cloning or embryo splitting: It is the production of multiple embryos in vitro to split an embryo in 2, 4 or 8-cell stages before they become specialised. It includes removing one or more blastomeres and inserting them into a prepared zona pellucida to make several identical embryos. The blastomeres are totipotent at the initial stage of embryogenesis.

Nuclear transfer: It is done by inserting DNA from an animal's somatic cell into an egg cell. For this, egg is collected from a selected parent and nucleus is removed. Somatic cells are collected from another parent. All the cells are mixed together and joined them using electricity. The nucleus from somatic cell enter into the egg cell. Hence, the egg cell now contained all the somatic cell’s DNA.

Tissue cloning: Getting a few cells from a desirable plant to make a big mass of identical cells, each of which can produce a tiny identical plant.

Andrew Davis and Patricia Deo Solutions for Chapter: How does Biotechnology Create New Options in Industry and Health?, Exercise 5: REVIEW

Andrew Davis Biology Solutions for Exercise - Andrew Davis and Patricia Deo Solutions for Chapter: How does Biotechnology Create New Options in Industry and Health?, Exercise 5: REVIEW

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