J. D. Lee Solutions for Chapter: Group 2 - the Alkaline Earth Elements, Exercise 1: Exercise 1

The hardness of water may be 'temporary' or 'permanent". What causes each of these conditions, and how is each treated?

The hardness of water may be 'temporary' or 'permanent". Find (from other literature sources) how naturally occurring zeolites, synthetic ion-exchange resins and polyphosphates may be used for softening water.

Do the alkaline earth metal ions form many complexes? Are group $2$ better or worse than group $1$ at forming complexes? What is the reason for the difference? Which of the metal ions in the group are best at forming complexes? Which are the best complexing agents? Name one complex of a group $2$ metal which is of biological importance.

Outline the preparation, properties, structure and use of basic beryllium acetate.

Under what conditions do the Group $2$ metal ions form stable complexes with $\mathrm{EDTA}?$ How are the amounts of ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{2+}$ and ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{2+}$ present in water estimated by titration with $\mathrm{EDTA}?$ Why is the titration performed at a high $\mathrm{pH}?$ What indicator is used?

Describe how you would prepare a Grignard reagent from $\mathrm{Mg}$ and list five different uses of the reagent in preparative reactions.

The four general methods of extracting metals are thermal decomposition, displacement of one element by another, chemical reduction and electrolytic reduction. How are group $2$ metals obtained and why are the other methods unsuitable?

On treatment with cold water, an element $\left(\mathrm{A}\right)$ reacted quietly liberating a colourless, odourless gas $\left(\mathrm{B}\right),$ and a solution $\left(\mathrm{C}\right).$ Lithium reacted with $\left(\mathrm{B}\right)$ yielding a solid product $\left(\mathrm{D}\right)$ which, effervesced with water to give a strongly basic solution $\left(\mathrm{F}\right).$ When carbon dioxide was bubbled through solution $\left(\mathrm{C}\right)$ an initial white precipitate $\left(\mathrm{G}\right)$ was formed, but this re-dissolved, forming solution $\left(\mathrm{H}\right)$ when more carbon dioxide was added. Precipitate $\left(\mathrm{G}\right)$ effervesced when moistened with concentrated hydrochloric acid, and gave a deep red colouration to a Bunsen burner flame. When $\left(\mathrm{G}\right)$ was heated with carbon at $1000°\mathrm{C}$ a caustic white compound $\left(\mathrm{I}\right)$ was formed, which when heated with carbon at $1000° \mathrm{C}$ gave a solid $\left(\mathrm{J}\right)$ of some commercial importance. Name the substances $\left(\mathrm{A}\right)$ to $\left(\mathrm{J}\right)$ and give balanced chemical equations for each of the reactions.