Name: Explanation of Blood Groups
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 18 min 32 s
Description: This video discusses one of the essential concepts of the circulatory system: the blood group. It discusses concepts like ABO blood group, Rh factor, and blood group determination depending upon the antigen's presence.

Question

Name any four heart-related conditions that occur commonly in humans. Briefly explain the cause and symptoms of each of them.

Accepted Answer

Four heart-related conditions that occur commonly in humans are palpitations, hypertension, heart attack and cardiac arrest.

1. Palpitations - It is a sensation that the heart is racing, pounding, fluttering or skipping a beat, often bothersome, but hardly ever a sign of heart disease. It is caused by stress or anxiety and sometimes certain types of food may also cause palpitations. Chest discomfort or pain, fainting, severe shortness of breath and dizziness are some symptoms of palpitations.

2. Hypertension - It is a condition that occurs in a person when blood flows through the blood vessels with a force greater than normal. This is also called high blood pressure. Hypertension can strain the heart, damage blood vessels and increase the risk of a stroke. A diet high in salt, fat and cholesterol are some common causes of hypertension. Chest pain, palpitations, fainting, stroke and sudden cardiac death are symptoms of hypertension.

3. Heart attack - It is a sudden interruption of blood supply to the heart. It usually occurs due to a blood clot that prevents the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the cardiac muscle. As a result, a part of the cardiac muscle dies and causes permanent damage to the heart. However, the heart still functions and sends blood around the body. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the main cause of heart attacks. Some common symptoms of a heart attack include uncomfortable pressure, tightness or squeezing pain in the centre of the chest, discomfort or pain spreading beyond the chest to the shoulders, sweating and nausea.

4. Cardiac arrest - It is a sudden, unexpected loss of heart function, breathing and consciousness. It occurs when the heart suddenly stops pumping blood around the body. If it is not treated within minutes, it usually results in death. If proper first aid is provided to the patient, and he/she gets the right treatment quickly, chances of recovery from a cardiac arrest are quite high. The most common cause of cardiac arrest is coronary artery disease wherein the walls of the arteries thicken as a result of fat or plaque deposition. Less common causes include major blood loss, lack of oxygen, low potassium levels, heart failure, and intense physical exercise. The main symptom of cardiac arrest is the loss of consciousness and unresponsiveness, rapid or irregular heartbeats, unexplained wheezing.

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