Lakhmir Singh and Manjit Kaur Solutions for Chapter: Coal and Petroleum, Exercise 5: Questions Based on High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

The substance W is a fossil fuel. It occurs deep below the ground in certain areas of the earth. Another fossil fuel X is found trapped above the deposits of W. When W is subjected to a process called Y, then a number of different products are collected at different temperature ranges which are put to different uses. A special grade of product Z obtained in this way is used as aviation fuel in jet aeroplanes.

(a) What are (i) W and (ii) X?

(b) What is the physical state of (i) W, and (ii) X?

(c) Name the process Y.

(d) Name the product Z

The material A is a fossil fuel which is extracted from the earth. It is said to be formed from the buried, large land plants by a very slow process B. When A is heated in the absence of air in a process called C, then it gives three products D, E and F. The product D is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of metals, the product E is used as an industrial fuel whereas the product F has been traditionally used for metalling the roads.

(a) What could material A be?
(b) What is (i) physical state, and (ii) colour, of A?
(c) Name the processes (i) B, and (ii) C.
(d) What are (i) D, (ii) E and (iii) F?

The fossil fuel P is formed under the earth by the decomposition of vegetable matter lying under water by the action of anaerobic bacteria. The major component of fuel P is Q. The fossil fuel P is used as a source of gas R needed to manufacture nitrogenous fertilisers. When P is filled in metal cylinders and used as fuel in motor vehicles, it is called S. What are P, Q, R and S?