NCERT Solutions for Chapter: Introduction to Euclid's Geometry, Exercise 4: Exercise

Read the following statement:
An equilateral triangle is a polygon made up of three line segments out of which two line segments are equal to the third one and all its angles are $60°$ each.
Define the terms used in this definitions which you feel necessary. Are there any undefined terms in this? Can you justify that all sides and all angles are equal in an equilateral triangle?

Study the following statement:
“Two intersecting lines cannot be perpendicular to the same line”. Check whether it is an equivalent version to the Euclid’s fifth postulate.

Read the following statements which are taken as axioms:
(i) If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then corresponding angles are not necessarily equal.
(ii) If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then alternate interior angles are equal.
Is this system of axioms consistent? Justify your answer.

Read the following two statements which are taken as axioms:

(i) If two lines intersect each other, then vertically opposite angles are not equal.

(ii) If a ray stands on a line, then the sum of two adjacent angles so formed is equal to $180°$.

Is this system of axioms consistent? Justify your answer.

 Read the following axioms:
(i) Things which are equal to the same thing are equal to one another.

(ii) If equals are added to equals, the wholes are equal.

(iii) Things which are double of the same thing are equal to one another.

Check whether the given system of axioms is consistent or inconsistent.