Name: Adaptive Radiation
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 6 min 34 s
Description: Adaptive radiation occurs when a species is confined to an isolated region and adapts to its new habitat, raising multiple diverse species from a single comm...

Question

Name the law that states that the sum of allelic frequencies in a population remains constant. What are the five factors that influence these values?

Accepted Answer

The law that states that the sum of allelic frequencies in a population remains constant is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This law is only applicable in a population with favourable random mating and no disruptive circumstances.

The five factors that influence these values are:

(i) Gene migration or gene flow: Emigration and immigration can reduce allele frequencies and add up a new set of alleles respectively to a population.

(ii) Genetic drift: It is an evolutionary process, where changes occur in the frequency of an existing gene due to random sampling of organisms. The Founder effect is a phenomenon that occurs due to genetic drift.

(iii) Mutation: Mutations are sudden heritable changes in the genetic structure of an organism. If the changes are favourable, then these traits will inherit to the next generation, giving rise to new species.

(iv) Genetic recombination: It refers to the rearrangement of DNA sequence during the cell division process called meiosis, which leads to the offspring with new combinations of traits.

(v) Natural selection: It is a phenomenon of evolution where individuals with the traits supporting its survival in a habitat will grow and reproduce at a higher rate.

NCERT Solutions for Chapter: Evolution, Exercise 4: LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

NCERT Biology Solutions for Exercise - NCERT Solutions for Chapter: Evolution, Exercise 4: LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

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