NCERT Solutions for Chapter: Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques, Exercise 1: Long Answer Type

What is meant by hybridisation? Compound ${\mathrm{CH}}_2 = \mathrm{C} = {\mathrm{CH}}_2$ contains $\mathrm{sp}$ or ${\mathrm{sp}}^2$hybridised carbon atoms. Will it be a planar molecule?

Benzoic acid is an organic compound. Its crude sample can be purified by crystallisation from hot water. What characteristic differences in the properties of benzoic acid and the impurity make this process of purification suitable? 

Two liquids $\left(\mathrm{A}\right) \mathrm{and} \left(\mathrm{B}\right)$ can be separated by the method of fractional distillation. The boiling point of a liquid $\left(\mathrm{A}\right)$ is less than the boiling point of a liquid $\left(\mathrm{B}\right)$. Which of the liquids do you expect to come out first in the distillate? Explain.
 

You have a mixture of three liquids $\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B} \mathrm{and} \mathrm{C}$. There is a large difference in the boiling points of $\mathrm{A}$ and rest of the two liquids i.e., $\mathrm{B} \mathrm{and} \mathrm{C}$. The boiling point of liquids $\mathrm{B} \mathrm{and} \mathrm{C}$ are quite close. Liquid $\mathrm{A}$ boils at a higher temperature than $\mathrm{B} \mathrm{and} \mathrm{C}$ and boiling point of $\mathrm{B}$ is lower than $\mathrm{C}$. How will you separate the components of the mixture? Draw a diagram showing set up of the apparatus for the process.
 

Draw a diagram of bubble plate type fractionating column. When do we require such type of column for separating two liquids? Explain the principle involved in the separation of components of a mixture of liquids by using a fractionating column. What industrial applications does this process have?
 

A liquid with high boiling point decomposes on simple distillation but it can be steam distilled for its purification. Explain how is it possible?