Nuclear Energy

Calculate the binding energy of an $\alpha -$ particle. Given mass of proton=$1.0073 \mathrm{u}$ , mass of neutron=$1.0087 \mathrm{u}$.  and mass of alpha particle=$4.0015 \mathrm{u}$

How does the proton-proton cycle proceeds in fusion? Why such thermonuclear reactions cannot be performed in the laboratory.

What is meant by critical mass in reference to nuclear chain reaction?

Calculate and compare the energy released by the fission of $1.0 \mathrm{k}\mathrm{g}$ of ${\mathrm{}}^{235}\mathrm{U}$ in a fission reactor.

Consider the fission of ${}_{92}{}^{238}\mathrm{U}$ by fast neutrons. In one fission event, no neutrons are emitted and the final end products, after the beta decay of the primary fragments, are ${}_{58}{}^{140}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{e}$ and ${}_{44}{}^{99}\mathrm{R}\mathrm{U}$. Calculate $\mathrm{Q}$ for this fission process. The relevant atomic and particle masses are:
$\mathrm{m}\left({}_{92}{}^{238}\mathrm{U}\right)=238.05079 \mathrm{u}$
$\mathrm{m}\left({}_{58}{}^{140}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{e}\right)=139.90543 \mathrm{u}$
$\mathrm{m}\left({}_{44}{}^{99}\mathrm{R}\mathrm{U}\right)=98.90594 \mathrm{u}$