David Sang and Graham Jones Solutions for Chapter: Atomic Structure and Particle Physics, Exercise 13: EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS

Beta decay occurs as either ${\beta }^{+}$ decay or ${\beta }^{-}$ decay. An isotope of calcium Ca decays by ${\beta }^{+}$ emission into the isotope ${}_{21}{}^{46}\mathrm{Sc}$, and an isotope of magnesium ${}_{12}{}^{23}\mathrm{Mg}$ decays by ${\beta }^{-}$ emission into the isotope ${}_{11}{}^{23}\mathrm{Na}$.

State what happens in ${\mathrm{\beta }}^{+}$decay in terms of the quark model of nucleons.

Beta decay occurs as either ${\beta }^{+}$ decay or $\beta$ - decay. An isotope of calcium Ca decays by ${\beta }^{+}$ emission into the isotope ${}_{21}{}^{46}\mathrm{Sc}$, and an isotope of magnesium ${}_{12}{}^{23}\mathrm{Mg}$ decays by $\beta$ emission into the isotope ${}_{11}{}^{23}\mathrm{Na}$. Name the force responsible for $\mathrm{\beta }$ decay

 A quark is a fundamental particle but a neutron is not. Explain what this statement means

A proton and a neutron each contain three quarks, either up or down quarks.

 Copy and complete the table to show the charge on a proton and a neutron and the quarks that they contain.

A proton and a neutron each contain three quarks, either up or down quarks

Using information from your table, suggest why some quarks must have a positive charge and some quarks a negative charge.

State what interaction is responsible for holding the nucleus together.

When a neutron decays it produces an electron and two other particles. Copy and complete the decay equation for a neutron.

${}_1{}^0\mathrm{n}\to .....$

The electron and the neutron belong to different groups of particles.

Copy and complete the table to show the group of particles to which the electron and neutron belong and state the name of another member of each group.