S C Kheterpal, S N Dhawan and, P N Kapil Solutions for Chapter: Ionic Equilibrium in Solution, Exercise 42: ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Define giving examples: Lewis base.

Define the terms ‘acid’ and ‘base’ according to the Bronsted-Lowry concept.

Define the terms ‘acid’ and ‘base’ according to the Lewis concept.

Derive expression for the calculation of $\mathrm{pH}$ of a solution of a salt of weak base with a strong acid.

Explain the term common ion effect.

Give reason for the following:
The precipitation of $\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH}{)}_2$ is prevented by the addition of ${\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}$ prior to the addition of ${\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{OH}$ but its precipitation by $\mathrm{NaOH}$ is not prevented by the prior addition of $\mathrm{NaCl}$.
 

Give reasons for the following:
In qualitative analysis, ${\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}$ is added before adding ${\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{OH}$ solution for testing ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}, {\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Al}}^{3+}$.

Derive expression for the $\mathrm{pH}$ of a basic buffer mixture.