Seema Saini Solutions for Chapter: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, Exercise 3: DPP

Ortho-isomers have dipole moments. In which cases dipole moments are maximum and minimum?

Dipole moment of$\left(1\right) \mathrm{p}-$dinitrobenzene $\left(2\right) \mathrm{p}-$dichlorobenzene and $\left(3\right) \mathrm{p}-$dimethoxybenzene are in the order:

Match the compounds in list $\mathrm{I}$ with their correct values of dipole moment in list $\mathrm{II}$:

Identify the correct increasing order of the stability of the following alkenes:

$\mathrm{I}.\text{ cis}-2-\text{butene}; \mathrm{II}. \text{trans}-2-\text{butene}; \mathrm{III}. \text{isobutene}$

Dipole moment of a bond is a vector and physical quantity to calculate the parentage ionic character in a covalent bond. It is expressed as:

Dipole moment $\left(\mu \right)=\overrightarrow{\delta }\times d$
where $\delta$ is dipole moment and d is the bond length. It is usually expressed in terms of CGS unit known as Debye

(D). $1\mathrm{D}={10}^{-18}$ esu $\mathrm{cm}.$ In SI unit it is expressed in Coulomb meter. Resultant moment $\left({\mu }_R\right)$ of two bond moments $\left({\mu }_1\text{ and }{\mu }_2\right)$ acting at an angle $\theta$, is given by

${\mu }_R=\sqrt{{\mu }_1^2+{\mu }_2^2+2{\mu }_1{\mu }_2\cos \theta }$

If ${\mu }_1={\mu }_2,$ also if $\cos \theta =-1,$ i.e., $,\theta =180°,$ then $\mu =0$

(molecule is non-polar).

If $\mu \equiv 0$ molecule is polar. Dipole moment plays an important role in deciding the stability order of alkanes, i.e., a more stable alkane has less dipole moment. The dipole moment of a molecule can predict the geometrical and position isomers as well as orientations in benzene nucleus and polarity of molecule.

Which of the following species is non-polar?

Dipole moment of a bond is a vector and physical quantity to calculate the parentage ionic character in a covalent bond. It is expressed as:

Dipole moment $\left(\mu \right)=\overrightarrow{\delta }\times d$
where $\delta$ is dipole moment and d is the bond length. It is usually expressed in terms of CGS unit known as Debye

(D). $1\mathrm{D}={10}^{-18}$ esu $\mathrm{cm}.$ In SI unit it is expressed in Coulomb meter. Resultant moment $\left({\mu }_R\right)$ of two bond moments $\left({\mu }_1\text{ and }{\mu }_2\right)$ acting at an angle $\theta$, is given by

${\mu }_R=\sqrt{{\mu }_1^2+{\mu }_2^2+2{\mu }_1{\mu }_2\cos \theta }$

If ${\mu }_1={\mu }_2,$ also if $\cos \theta =-1,$ i.e., $,\theta =180°,$ then $\mu =0$

(molecule is non-polar).

If $\mu \equiv 0$ molecule is polar. Dipole moment plays an important role in deciding the stability order of alkanes, i.e., a more stable alkane has less dipole moment. The dipole moment of a molecule can predict the geometrical and position isomers as well as orientations in benzene nucleus and polarity of molecule.

The increasing order of dipole moment of bond in halogen acids is

Dipole moment of a bond is a vector and physical quantity to calculate the parentage ionic character in a covalent bond. It is expressed as:

Dipole moment 
where  is dipole moment and d is the bond length. It is usually expressed in terms of CGS unit known as Debye

(D).  esu  In SI unit it is expressed in Coulomb meter. Resultant moment  of two bond moments  acting at an angle , is given by

If  also if  i.e.,  then 

(molecule is non-polar).

If  molecule is polar. Dipole moment plays an important role in deciding the stability order of alkanes, i.e., a more stable alkane has less dipole moment. The dipole moment of a molecule can predict the geometrical and position isomers as well as orientations in benzene nucleus and polarity of molecule.

Which molecule is non-polar?

Dipole moment of a bond is a vector and physical quantity to calculate the parentage ionic character in a covalent bond. It is expressed as:

Dipole moment 
where  is dipole moment and d is the bond length. It is usually expressed in terms of CGS unit known as Debye

(D).  esu  In SI unit it is expressed in Coulomb meter. Resultant moment  of two bond moments  acting at an angle , is given by

If  also if  i.e.,  then 

(molecule is non-polar).

If  molecule is polar. Dipole moment plays an important role in deciding the stability order of alkanes, i.e., a more stable alkane has less dipole moment. The dipole moment of a molecule can predict the geometrical and position isomers as well as orientations in benzene nucleus and polarity of molecule.

Which species is polar?