Name: Genetic Engineering
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 6 min 20 s
Description: Genetic engineering is using technology to modify and manipulate an organism's genes. Learn more about genetic engineering and its process in the video.

Question

What are restriction enzyme? Mention their type with role in biotechnology.

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzymes are types of nucleases that creates DNA fragments. The restriction enzymes always cut DNA molecules at a specific sequence of six base pairs. This sequence is known s recognition sequence.

Based on their mode of action restriction enzymes are classified into Exonucleases and Endonucleases.

1. Exonucleases are enzymes which remove nucleotides one at a time from the end of a DNA molecule.

e.g. Bal 3 I, Exonuclease III.

2. Restriction endonuclease which break the internal phosphodiester bonds within a DNA molecule.

eg. Hind II, EcoRI, PvuI.

There three main classes of restriction endonuclease:

Type I, Type II and Type III, which differ slightly by their mode of action.

Only type II enzyme is preferred for use in recombinant DNA technology as they recognise and cut DNA within a specific sequences typically consisting of 4-8 bp.

Following are the role of restriction enzymes in biotecnology :

The most important use of restriction enzymes has been in the generation of recombinant DNA molecules, which are DNAs that consist of genes or DNA fragments from two different organisms. They are used to digest the DNA from the experimental organism, in order to prepare the DNA for cloning.

Restriction enzymes have applications in several methods for identifying individuals or strains of a species. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis is a technique for separating large DNA fragments, typically fragments resulting from digesting a bacterial genome with a rare-cutting restriction enzyme.

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis has been widely used for identification of individuals (humans and other species).

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