Name: Types of Seeds
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 4 min 31 s
Description: Seeds can hold an entire tree inside of a tiny package! Watch the video to learn more about them and all the nutrients and information they store inside!

Question

Define root. Mention the types of root systems. Explain how the root is modified to perform different functions.

Accepted Answer

Roots are the underground part of all vascular plants whose primary functions are:
(i) Anchorage of the plant
(ii) Absorption of water and dissolved minerals from the soil.

All roots have similar functions with variations in structures. Based on structures, the root system is classified into two types, which are the taproot system and the fibrous root system.

Taproot system: In this type of roots, a central root is present upon which small, lateral roots called root hairs are connected. Examples: Mustard, carrot, beetroot, etc.

Fibrous root system: These roots are bushy. In this type, moderately branching roots grow from the stem. Examples: Rice, Wheat, Maize, etc.

Adventitious root: In some plants like Banyan, roots arise from different parts of plants other than radicle. These are called adventitious roots.

In many plants, roots are modified to perform different functions. Such types of roots are mentioned below with their functions.

Prop roots/Pillar roots: These are adventitious roots found hanging from the branches of the tree that provide support, absorb nutrients, etc.

Pneumatophores: These are lateral roots that grow upward out of the mud and water. These roots provide oxygen to the plant for respiration.

Velamen: In some epiphytes, the adventitious roots are specialised to absorb nutrients from the atmosphere.

Haustorial roots: These modified roots are found in parasitic plants that penetrate a host plant and derive nutrients from them.

Nodular roots: These type of roots are found in leguminous plants where Rhizobium inhabits to fix atmospheric nitrogen.

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