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Two chemical reactions are described below.

• Nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia(${\mathrm{NH}}_3$)
• Carbon and hydrogen bond together to form a molecule of methane(${\mathrm{CH}}_4$)

For each reaction, give the Lewis structure of the product that is formed.

Which one of the following four elements is more electronegative?

An element ${}_{11}\mathrm{X}^{23}$ forms an ionic compound with another element '$\mathrm{Y}$'. Then the charge on the ion formed by $\mathrm{X}$ is

An element '$\mathrm{A}$' forms a chloride ${\mathrm{ACl}}_4$. The number of electrons in the valence shell of '$\mathrm{A}$' is

The inert gas element which does not have octet electronic configuration in its outermost orbit is

The number of covalent bonds in a methane molecule is:

The concept hybridisation of orbitals of an atom was introduced by 

The value of bond angle in beryllium chloride molecule is