Directions: Read the passages carefully then answer the following questions which are based on what is stated or implied in the passage.

In modern times, Abraham Lincoln stands as the model of a compassionate statesman. He showed this quality not only in striving for the emancipation of the American blacks but in the dignity with which he conducted the American Civil War.
Lincoln did not fancy himself as a liberator. He thought it would be better for all if emancipation was a gradual process spread over many years. He proposed compensation for slave-owners in the US, grants for the rehabilitation of blacks freed from colonisation€™ as they called it. But fate was to deem otherwise. The haste with which the South wanted to break away from the Union with the North, compelled him to move faster than he expected, perhaps more than most men of his time he had thought through the issue of slavery. We must free the slaves, he said, or be ourselves subdued€™. €˜Before reading the first draft of the proclamation of emancipation, he told his colleagues. €˜In giving freedom to the slaves, we assure freedom to the free€™.
On September $22$, $1862$, Lincoln set his hand on the Proclamation of Emancipation declaring that on the first day of January $1863$, all persons held as slaves within any state €˜shall be then, and forever free.€™
Lincoln'€™s revolution for slavery left him without any moral indignation or passion against the slave-owners. The guilt of the slave-owners, he felt, should be shared by the whole country the North and the South, for it seemed to him that everyone in the nation was an accomplice in perpetuating that system. To have whipped up any hatred against slave-owners would, to him, have been an act of malice.
€˜I shall do nothing in malice€™, he wrote, '€˜what I deal with is too vast for malicious dealing'€™. As the Civil War was coming to a successful conclusion, a Northerner demanded of Lincoln: €˜Mr. President, how are you going to treat the Southerners when the war is over? Lincoln
replied: '€˜As if they never went to war ?'€
When the news came of the Victory of the Northern against the Confederate forces, someone suggested that the head of the confederation Administration, Jefferson Davies, really ought to be hanged. '€˜Judge not, that ye be not judged'€™, Lincoln replied, as to the demand for the prosecution of rebels, Lincoln replied: €˜We must extinguish our resentments if we expect harmony and union€™. This was his last recorded utterance.

According to Lincoln, the culprits of the system of slavery were:

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Moore worked without stopping until eleven o’clock. Then he made ($1$)_____ a cup of tea. He was enjoying himself sitting alone ($2$)_____ the fireside. The firelight danced on the walls and ($3$)_____ strange shadows around the room. His tea tasted ($4$)_____ and there was nobody to disturb him. Then, for ($5$)_____ first time he noticed how much noise the rats were making.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank number $5$.

Directions: Read the passage given below and fill in the blanks with the suitable option.

Essaouira's origins stretch back to prehistoric times, and this spot on Morocco's Atlantic coast ____(1)_____ a centre of culture and commerce ever since. ____(2)_____ centuries, the harbour town was an important trading post ______(3)_____ both a seaport and as the north-western terminus of a caravan _____(4)_____ stretching across the desert to Timbuktu _____(5)_____ Africa’s interior.

Select an appropriate word for blank number 4.

Directions: Read the passage given below and fill in the blanks with the suitable option.

Moore worked without stopping until eleven o’clock. Then he made ($1$)_____ a cup of tea. He was enjoying himself sitting alone ($2$)_____ the fireside. The firelight danced on the walls and ($3$)_____ strange shadows around the room. His tea tasted ($4$)_____ and there was nobody to disturb him. Then, for ($5$)_____ first time he noticed how much noise the rats were making.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank number $2$.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Smoking causes a mutation in cells leading to cancer. Quitting smoking can help reverse the ($1$)_____ risk, and it can replenish cells that actually ($2$)_____ those of a person who has never smoked. The ($3$)_____ you smoke the more mutations you have. The ($4$)_____ damage to the cells lining the airway and lungs can ($5$)_____ to cancers in the lungs.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank no.$3$.

Directions : In each of the questions given below each sentence is labelled with a letter. From the given choices, choose the most logical order of sentences that constructs a coherent paragraph.

A. The responsible citizen helped to foil the plan of a hijack.

B. The deep pockets of his leather jacket contained what had been feared!

C. A person called up the airport and gave a message.

D. All the passengers were carefully frisked and one of them was asked to step aside

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Smoking causes a mutation in cells leading to cancer. Quitting smoking can help reverse the ($1$)_____ risk, and it can replenish cells that actually ($2$)_____ those of a person who has never smoked. The ($3$)_____ you smoke the more mutations you have. The ($4$)_____ damage to the cells lining the airway and lungs can ($5$)_____ to cancers in the lungs.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank no.$2$.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Essaouira's origins stretch back to prehistoric times, and this spot on Morocco's Atlantic coast ($1$)_____ a centre of culture and commerce ever since. ($2$)_____ centuries, the harbour town was an important trading post ($3$)_____ both a seaport and as the north-western terminus of a caravan ($4$)_____ stretching across the desert to Timbuktu ($5$)_____ Africa’s interior.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number $1$.

Comprehension:

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Almost everyone in the present world is familiar with the term ‘Global Warming’. It (1)             to the gradual rise in the overall temperature of the atmosphere (2)                     the planet Earth. It is true that there are (3)         activities taking place which have been increasing the temperature (4)___________.The first impact of global warming is melting of (5)                                     in a rapid way. This is extremely harmful to the earth as well as to its inhabitants.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no.4.

Directions : In each of the questions given below each sentence is labelled with a letter. From the given choices, choose the most logical order of sentences that constructs a coherent paragraph.

A. In the following years, more layers of snow add up to the existing mass.

B. Consequently, the weight of the snow compresses and turns into solid ice.

C. Most glaciers are found near the poles.

D. They begin to form when snow remains in the same area all year round.

Directions: Read the passage given below and fill in the blanks with the suitable option.

Essaouira's origins stretch back to prehistoric times, and this spot on Morocco's Atlantic coast ____(1)_____ a centre of culture and commerce ever since. ____(2)_____ centuries, the harbour town was an important trading post ______(3)_____ both a seaport and as the north-western terminus of a caravan _____(4)_____ stretching across the desert to Timbuktu _____(5)_____ Africa’s interior.

Select an appropriate word for blank number 3.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Smoking causes a mutation in cells leading to cancer. Quitting smoking can help reverse the ($1$)_____ risk, and it can replenish cells that actually ($2$)_____ those of a person who has never smoked. The ($3$)_____ you smoke the more mutations you have. The ($4$)_____ damage to the cells lining the airway and lungs can ($5$)_____ to cancers in the lungs.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank no.$4$.

Directions : In each of the questions given below each sentence is labelled with a letter. From the given choices, choose the most logical order of sentences that constructs a coherent paragraph.
A. Despite the awareness, some citizens fail to pay their taxes honestly.

B. One of the factors that impacts our country's economy is income tax.

C. Awareness regarding this aspect of our economy is often made through the education system and media.

D. Most of these defaulters not only get into trouble but they also create additional work for the Income-Tax Department.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Smoking causes a mutation in cells leading to cancer. Quitting smoking can help reverse the ($1$)_____ risk, and it can replenish cells that actually ($2$)_____ those of a person who has never smoked. The ($3$)_____ you smoke the more mutations you have. The ($4$)_____ damage to the cells lining the airway and lungs can ($5$)_____ to cancers in the lungs.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank no.$5$.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Moore worked without stopping until eleven o’clock. Then he made ($1$)_____ a cup of tea. He was enjoying himself sitting alone ($2$)_____ the fireside. The firelight danced on the walls and ($3$)_____ strange shadows around the room. His tea tasted ($4$)_____ and there was nobody to disturb him. Then, for ($5$)_____ first time he noticed how much noise the rats were making.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank number $3$.

Comprehension:

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Almost everyone in the present world is familiar with the term 'Global warming'. It (1)_____________to the gradual rise in the overall temperature of the atmosphere (2)_____________ the planet. It is true that there are (3)____________ activities taking place which have been increasing the temperature (4)___________. The first impact of global warming is the melting of (5)___________ in a rapid way. This is extremely harmful to the earth as well as to its inhabitants.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank no. (1).

Comprehension:

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of alternatives given. Select most appropriate option for each blank.

Almost everyone in the world is familiar with the term 'Global Warming'. It (1)____________ to the gradual rise in the overall temperature of the atmosphere (2)_________ the planet earth. It is true that there are (3)______________ activities taking place which have been increasing the temperature (4)__________.The first impact of global warming is melting of (5)_________ in a rapid way. This is extremely harmful to the earth as well as to its inhabitants.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank no. 2.

Comprehension:

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Almost everyone in the present world is familiar with the term ‘Global Warming’. It (1)             to the gradual rise in the overall temperature of the atmosphere (2)                     the planet Earth. It is true that there are (3)         activities taking place which have been increasing the temperature (4)____________. The first impact of global warming is the melting of (5)                                     in a rapid way. This is extremely harmful to the earth as well as to its inhabitants.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no.5.

Directions: Read the passage given below and fill in the blanks with the suitable option.

Essaouira's origins stretch back to prehistoric times, and this spot on Morocco's Atlantic coast ____(1)_____ a centre of culture and commerce ever since. ____(2)_____ centuries, the harbour town was an important trading post ______(3)_____ both a seaport and as the north-western terminus of a caravan _____(4)_____ stretching across the desert to Timbuktu _____(5)_____ Africa’s interior.

Select an appropriate word for blank number 2.

Directions : In each of the questions given below each sentence is labelled with a letter. From the given choices, choose the most logical order of sentences that constructs a coherent paragraph.

A. One of them copied and pasted large portions of the required text from a website.

B. Before assigning the project to his students, the guide gave a presentation on plagiarism.

C. The expulsion order that followed was not alarming.

D. A few students did not pay much heed to the consequences of the illegal act.

Directions : In each of the questions given below each sentence is labelled with a letter. From the given choices, choose the most logical order of sentences that constructs a coherent paragraph.

A. Goals are set and relevant data is collected and analysed.

B. Strategies are made on the basis of the data and resources made available. 

C. There are various stages in framing a management strategy and its implementation.

D. The strategies are implemented and monitored to ensure that the goals are achieved.