Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.

Self-directed learning, in its broadest meaning, describes a process in which individuals take the initiative with or without the help of others, in diagnosing their learning needs formulating learning goals, identifying resources for learning, choosing and implementing learning strategies, and evaluating learning outcomes. Thus, it is important to attain new knowledge easily and skilfully for the rest of his or her life.

What is the need for self-directed learning? One reason is that there is convincing evidence that people, who take the initiative in learning, learn more things and learn better than people who sit at the feet of teachers passively waiting to be thought. The second reason is that self-directed learning is more in tune with our natural processes of psychological development, an essential aspect of maturing is developing the ability to take increasing responsibility for our own lives to become increasingly self-directed. The third reason is that many of the new developments in education put a heavy responsibility on the learners to take a good deal of initiative in their learning. To meet the challenges in today's instructive environment, self-directed learning is most essential.

The synonym of the word "diagnosing" is

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Moore worked without stopping until eleven o’clock. Then he made ($1$)_____ a cup of tea. He was enjoying himself sitting alone ($2$)_____ the fireside. The firelight danced on the walls and ($3$)_____ strange shadows around the room. His tea tasted ($4$)_____ and there was nobody to disturb him. Then, for ($5$)_____ first time he noticed how much noise the rats were making.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank number $5$.

Directions: Read the passage given below and fill in the blanks with the suitable option.

Essaouira's origins stretch back to prehistoric times, and this spot on Morocco's Atlantic coast ____(1)_____ a centre of culture and commerce ever since. ____(2)_____ centuries, the harbour town was an important trading post ______(3)_____ both a seaport and as the north-western terminus of a caravan _____(4)_____ stretching across the desert to Timbuktu _____(5)_____ Africa’s interior.

Select an appropriate word for blank number 4.

Directions: Read the passage given below and fill in the blanks with the suitable option.

Moore worked without stopping until eleven o’clock. Then he made ($1$)_____ a cup of tea. He was enjoying himself sitting alone ($2$)_____ the fireside. The firelight danced on the walls and ($3$)_____ strange shadows around the room. His tea tasted ($4$)_____ and there was nobody to disturb him. Then, for ($5$)_____ first time he noticed how much noise the rats were making.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank number $2$.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Smoking causes a mutation in cells leading to cancer. Quitting smoking can help reverse the ($1$)_____ risk, and it can replenish cells that actually ($2$)_____ those of a person who has never smoked. The ($3$)_____ you smoke the more mutations you have. The ($4$)_____ damage to the cells lining the airway and lungs can ($5$)_____ to cancers in the lungs.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank no.$3$.

Directions : In each of the questions given below each sentence is labelled with a letter. From the given choices, choose the most logical order of sentences that constructs a coherent paragraph.

A. The responsible citizen helped to foil the plan of a hijack.

B. The deep pockets of his leather jacket contained what had been feared!

C. A person called up the airport and gave a message.

D. All the passengers were carefully frisked and one of them was asked to step aside

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Smoking causes a mutation in cells leading to cancer. Quitting smoking can help reverse the ($1$)_____ risk, and it can replenish cells that actually ($2$)_____ those of a person who has never smoked. The ($3$)_____ you smoke the more mutations you have. The ($4$)_____ damage to the cells lining the airway and lungs can ($5$)_____ to cancers in the lungs.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank no.$2$.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Essaouira's origins stretch back to prehistoric times, and this spot on Morocco's Atlantic coast ($1$)_____ a centre of culture and commerce ever since. ($2$)_____ centuries, the harbour town was an important trading post ($3$)_____ both a seaport and as the north-western terminus of a caravan ($4$)_____ stretching across the desert to Timbuktu ($5$)_____ Africa’s interior.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number $1$.

Comprehension:

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Almost everyone in the present world is familiar with the term ‘Global Warming’. It (1)             to the gradual rise in the overall temperature of the atmosphere (2)                     the planet Earth. It is true that there are (3)         activities taking place which have been increasing the temperature (4)___________.The first impact of global warming is melting of (5)                                     in a rapid way. This is extremely harmful to the earth as well as to its inhabitants.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no.4.

Directions : In each of the questions given below each sentence is labelled with a letter. From the given choices, choose the most logical order of sentences that constructs a coherent paragraph.

A. In the following years, more layers of snow add up to the existing mass.

B. Consequently, the weight of the snow compresses and turns into solid ice.

C. Most glaciers are found near the poles.

D. They begin to form when snow remains in the same area all year round.

Directions: Read the passage given below and fill in the blanks with the suitable option.

Essaouira's origins stretch back to prehistoric times, and this spot on Morocco's Atlantic coast ____(1)_____ a centre of culture and commerce ever since. ____(2)_____ centuries, the harbour town was an important trading post ______(3)_____ both a seaport and as the north-western terminus of a caravan _____(4)_____ stretching across the desert to Timbuktu _____(5)_____ Africa’s interior.

Select an appropriate word for blank number 3.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Smoking causes a mutation in cells leading to cancer. Quitting smoking can help reverse the ($1$)_____ risk, and it can replenish cells that actually ($2$)_____ those of a person who has never smoked. The ($3$)_____ you smoke the more mutations you have. The ($4$)_____ damage to the cells lining the airway and lungs can ($5$)_____ to cancers in the lungs.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank no.$4$.

Directions : In each of the questions given below each sentence is labelled with a letter. From the given choices, choose the most logical order of sentences that constructs a coherent paragraph.
A. Despite the awareness, some citizens fail to pay their taxes honestly.

B. One of the factors that impacts our country's economy is income tax.

C. Awareness regarding this aspect of our economy is often made through the education system and media.

D. Most of these defaulters not only get into trouble but they also create additional work for the Income-Tax Department.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Smoking causes a mutation in cells leading to cancer. Quitting smoking can help reverse the ($1$)_____ risk, and it can replenish cells that actually ($2$)_____ those of a person who has never smoked. The ($3$)_____ you smoke the more mutations you have. The ($4$)_____ damage to the cells lining the airway and lungs can ($5$)_____ to cancers in the lungs.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank no.$5$.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Moore worked without stopping until eleven o’clock. Then he made ($1$)_____ a cup of tea. He was enjoying himself sitting alone ($2$)_____ the fireside. The firelight danced on the walls and ($3$)_____ strange shadows around the room. His tea tasted ($4$)_____ and there was nobody to disturb him. Then, for ($5$)_____ first time he noticed how much noise the rats were making.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank number $3$.

Comprehension:

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Almost everyone in the present world is familiar with the term 'Global warming'. It (1)_____________to the gradual rise in the overall temperature of the atmosphere (2)_____________ the planet. It is true that there are (3)____________ activities taking place which have been increasing the temperature (4)___________. The first impact of global warming is the melting of (5)___________ in a rapid way. This is extremely harmful to the earth as well as to its inhabitants.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank no. (1).

Comprehension:

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of alternatives given. Select most appropriate option for each blank.

Almost everyone in the world is familiar with the term 'Global Warming'. It (1)____________ to the gradual rise in the overall temperature of the atmosphere (2)_________ the planet earth. It is true that there are (3)______________ activities taking place which have been increasing the temperature (4)__________.The first impact of global warming is melting of (5)_________ in a rapid way. This is extremely harmful to the earth as well as to its inhabitants.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank no. 2.

Comprehension:

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank.

Almost everyone in the present world is familiar with the term ‘Global Warming’. It (1)             to the gradual rise in the overall temperature of the atmosphere (2)                     the planet Earth. It is true that there are (3)         activities taking place which have been increasing the temperature (4)____________. The first impact of global warming is the melting of (5)                                     in a rapid way. This is extremely harmful to the earth as well as to its inhabitants.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no.5.

Directions: Read the passage given below and fill in the blanks with the suitable option.

Essaouira's origins stretch back to prehistoric times, and this spot on Morocco's Atlantic coast ____(1)_____ a centre of culture and commerce ever since. ____(2)_____ centuries, the harbour town was an important trading post ______(3)_____ both a seaport and as the north-western terminus of a caravan _____(4)_____ stretching across the desert to Timbuktu _____(5)_____ Africa’s interior.

Select an appropriate word for blank number 2.

Directions : In each of the questions given below each sentence is labelled with a letter. From the given choices, choose the most logical order of sentences that constructs a coherent paragraph.

A. One of them copied and pasted large portions of the required text from a website.

B. Before assigning the project to his students, the guide gave a presentation on plagiarism.

C. The expulsion order that followed was not alarming.

D. A few students did not pay much heed to the consequences of the illegal act.

Directions : In each of the questions given below each sentence is labelled with a letter. From the given choices, choose the most logical order of sentences that constructs a coherent paragraph.

A. Goals are set and relevant data is collected and analysed.

B. Strategies are made on the basis of the data and resources made available. 

C. There are various stages in framing a management strategy and its implementation.

D. The strategies are implemented and monitored to ensure that the goals are achieved.