An organic compound X is an essential constituent of wine and beer. X is responsible for intoxication caused by these drinks. Oxidation of X yields an organic acid Y which is present in vinegar. Name the compound X and Y and write their structural formulae.

How would you convert 

a) ethanol to ethene?

b) butanol to butanoic acid?

Explain the process and write the reactions involved.

Identify the compound P in the following chemical reaction.

${\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_5\mathrm{OH}\underset{\mathrm{Heat}}{\overset{\mathrm{Alk}.{\mathrm{KMnO}}_4}{\to }}\mathrm{P}$

Identify the compound P and Q in the following chemical reaction.

${\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_5\mathrm{OH} + \mathrm{P}\stackrel{\mathrm{Conc}.{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4}{\to } \mathrm{Q} + {\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$

Identify the compound Q and R in the following chemical reaction.

$\mathrm{Q} + \mathrm{NaOH} \to {\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_5\mathrm{OH} + \mathrm{R}$

Identify the compound R and S in the following chemical reaction.

$\mathrm{R} + {\mathrm{Na}}_2{\mathrm{CO}}_3 \to {\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{COONa} + \mathrm{S} + {\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$

Identify the compound S and T in the following chemical reaction.

$\mathrm{S} + \mathrm{Ca}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2 \to \underset{\mathrm{White} \mathrm{ppt}.}{\mathrm{T}} + {\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$

Explain the following term:

Esterification.