A disease is an abnormal condition in an organism that impairs its normal functioning, often characterised by specific symptoms. It can result from various causes, including pathogens (such as bacteria or viruses), genetic mutations, environmental factors, or a combination of these factors. Diseases can affect humans, animals, and plants.

A vaccine is a biological substance that stimulates the immune system to produce an immune response to a specific pathogen, helping the body become immune to that pathogen. The act of administering a vaccine to an individual to provide immunity against a particular disease is called vaccination.

Immunity is the body's ability to defend itself against harmful pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, or foreign substances. It involves a complex system of cells and proteins that recognise and neutralise these invaders, providing protection from infections and diseases. Immunity can be acquired through natural exposure, vaccination, or passive transfer of antibodies.

Antibiotics are a class of drugs used to treat bacterial infections in humans and animals. They work by targeting specific processes or structures within bacterial cells, which can include interfering with cell wall synthesis, protein production, or DNA replication.

Differentiate between active and passive immunity.

Features Active Immunity Passive Immunity Definition Active immunity is developed by the antibodies that are produced by one's own immune cells in response to a foreign pathogen or vaccine. Passive immunity is developed by introducing preformed antibodies into the host body. Duration The developed immunity remains in the body for a lifetime. Example: A person who recovered from measles develops immune cells that will remain active for the rest of the patient's life. The immunity remains in the body for a temporary period. Example: The mother's colostrum rich in IgA provides passive immunity. Features Active Immunity Passive Immunity Response This immunity takes some time to develop. This immunity develops immediately. Memory This type involves primary and secondary immune response, where antibodies are produced from plasma and memory cells. It doesn't develop any immunological memory.

E M B I B E

A New Approach to I.C.S.E. Biology>Chapter 17 - Health and Hygiene>Exercises>Q 7

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IMPORTANT

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Antiserum contains

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Important Questions on Health and Hygiene

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9th ICSE

IMPORTANT

A New Approach to I.C.S.E. Biology>Chapter 17 - Health and Hygiene>Exercises>Q 7

Which of the following is a disinfectant?

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9th ICSE

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A New Approach to I.C.S.E. Biology>Chapter 17 - Health and Hygiene>Exercises>Q 8

Complete the following paragraph by filling in the blanks (i) to (v) with appropriate words :
A (i) _____ diet provides the body with all the essential (ii) _____ like proteins, carbohydrates, fats, (iii) _____ and minerals for its proper growth and maintenance. Deficiency in quantity of food may lead to (iv) _____, while the deficiency in essential nutrients leads to (v) _____. Besides other factors, imbalances in the diet lead to ill health or diseases.

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9th ICSE

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A New Approach to I.C.S.E. Biology>Chapter 17 - Health and Hygiene>Exercises>Q 9

Define disease.

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9th ICSE

IMPORTANT

A New Approach to I.C.S.E. Biology>Chapter 17 - Health and Hygiene>Exercises>Q 9

Define endemic disease.

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9th ICSE