Differentiate between Soap and Synthetic Detergents.

Soap Synthetic Detergents 1. Soaps are the sodium salts of carboxylic acids in long chains. 1. Synthetic Detergents are sodium salts of long-chain benzene sulphonic acids. Soap Synthetic Detergent 2. Soaps are biodegradable and do not create pollution in the water bodies. 2. Synthetic detergents are non-biodegradable and create pollution in the water bodies. 3. Examples of soaps: sodium palmitate and sodium stearate. 3. Examples of synthetic detergents: sodium n-dodecyl benzene sulphonate and sodium lauryl sulphate.

Describe food preservatives with an example.

Chemicals which are capable of inhibiting or arresting the process of fermentation (glucose are broken down anaerobically), acidification or any other decomposition of food are called preservatives. Food preservatives are chemical substances that prevent food from spoilage due to microbial growth. Some common examples of food preservatives are table salt, sugar, vegetable oil, sodium benzoate C 6 H 3 C O O N a . Sodium benzoate is used in limited quantities and is metabolised in the body. Salts of sorbic acid and propanoic acid are also used as preservatives.

Describe artificial sweeteners with an example.

Sucrose (cane sugar) and fructose are the commonly used natural sweeteners but they promote tooth decay and add to our calorie intake. For this purpose, many calorie-free sweeteners have been discovered to help diabetic patients who want to control their sugar intake. Some commonly used artificial sweeteners are saccharin, cyclamate, aspartame, etc. Saccharin. It is a very popular sweetening agent discovered in 1879 . It is about 550 times sweeter than sugar. It is not biodegradable (does not undergo biochemical reactions) and is excreted as such in urine. Therefore, it does not have any calorific value.

Describe the following with one example of each (a) Food Preservatives (b) Artificial sweeteners

(a) The chemicals that are used to prevent food from spoilage due to microbial growth are called food preservatives. Sodium benzoate ( C 6 H 5 COONa ), and salts of propanoic acid are some examples of food preservatives. (b) The chemicals that sweeten the food are called artificial sweetening agents. They do not add calories to our body, and are less harmful for human body. The examples include saccharin, alitame, aspartame, etc.

How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants? Name a substance which can be used as antiseptics as well as disinfectants.

Antiseptics differ from disinfectants in a sense that these are used to stop or slow down the growth of microorganisms and applied to living tissue whereas the disinfectants are used to stop or slow down the growth of microorganisms on inanimate(non-living)objects. Examples of antiseptics are Hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine, benzalkonium chloride and the disinfectants are Chlorine compounds, alcohol. Phenol is a compound that can be used as an antiseptic as well as a disinfectant.

Dettol is an example of which type of drug?

Dettol is an example of antiseptic. Antiseptics and disinfectants are the chemicals that either kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms. Antiseptics are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces. Examples are furacine, soframicine, etc. These are not ingested like antibiotics. Commonly used antiseptic, Dettol is a mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol. Bithionol (the compound is also called bithional) is added to soaps to impart antiseptic properties.

What are antiseptics? Give example.

Antiseptics are chemicals applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces to prevent the growth of microorganisms. These are not ingested like antibiotics. Commonly used antiseptic, dettol is a mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol. Iodine is a powerful antiseptic. Its 2 - 3 per cent solution in alcohol water mixture is known as tincture of iodine. It is applied on wounds.

E M B I B E

EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR CHEMISTRY>Chapter -1 - Chemistry in Everyday Life>Uttarakhand Board-2019>Q 3

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12th Uttarakhand Board

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