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Bateson used the terms coupling & repulsion while discovering linkage in 'Lathyrus'. If A and B are dominant alleles and a and b are recessive alleles of two genes, then parental crosses in coupling & repulsion phases can be written as follows:-
(a)aaBB, aabb, & AAbb, aabb
(b)AAbb, aaBB & AaBb, aabb
(c)AABB, aabb & AAbb, aaBB
(d)AABB, aabb & AABB, AAbb

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Important Questions on Principles of Inheritance and Variation
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The following family tree traces the occurrence of a rare genetic disease. The filled symbols signify the individuals with the disease, whereas the open symbols signify healthy individuals.
Based on this information, the disease is most likely to be:

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HARD

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Assertion (A): The proportion of parental gene combinations was much lighter than non-parental type
Reason (R): Gene combination is due to linkage of the two genes

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Give one significant difference between the following:
Linkage and crossing over

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