From the type of hybridisation with respect to haloalkanes and haloarenes, predict the reactivity of haloarenes towards nucleophilic substitution in comparison to haloalkanes.

Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution because of the following reasons: Different hybridisation states of carbon atom: In haloalkanes the carbon atom of the C - X bond is sp 3 hybridised while in haloarenes the carbon atom is sp 2 hybridised. The sp2 hybridised carbon is more electronegative and has less tendency to release electrons to halogen So the cleavage in aryl halides is more difficult than in alkyl halides

Give the equations for the preparation of 1-Iodobutane from 1-chlorobutane

The equation for the preparation of iodobutane from 1-chlorobutane: CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 Cl 1 - chlorobutane + NaI → Dry acetone CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 I + NaCl 1 - iodobutane Butyl chloride appears as a water white liquid with a pointy odor. Flash point 20 ° F . Boiling point 77 - 78 ° C ( 173 ° F ) . Density 7 . 5 lb / gal . Slightly soluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Used in the manufacture of a spread of organic chemicals.

Give the equations for the preparation of 1-Iodobutane from 1- butanol

The equation for the preparation of iodobutane from 1-butanol: CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH + HI 1 - butanol → ZnCl 2 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 1 - iodobutane I But-1-ol may be the primary alcohol that's butane during which hydrogen of 1 of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes. It has a role as a protic solvent, a human metabolite, and a mouse metabolite. It is a primary alcohol and alkyl alcohol.

Write the structure of the isomer that will have the lowest boiling point of all the isomers of C 4 H 9 Cl .

C 4 H 9 Cl have four structural isomers. Those isomers are following. Neo butyl chloride( 2-chloro 2-methyl propane) will have the lowest boiling point as there are more numbers of branch present in the structure thus it acquired a spherical shape and hence it has a smaller area of contact so intermolecular force decrease and so that decrease the boiling point.

Chlorobenzene can be converted to toluene by

reaction with CH 3 Cl with Na in dry ether

hydrolysis followed by reaction with CH 3 ONa

Write the Fischer structure of R - 2 - Bromobutane.

Fischer structure represents the three-dimension tetrahedral carbon atoms and their substituents in two dimensions. Fischer structure of R - 2 - Bromobutane is as follows,

Write the structures of A , B and C in the following: CH 3 Cl → KCN A → LiAlH 4 B → H + CH 3 CHO C

CH 3 Cl → KCN CH 3 - CN methyl cyanide ( A ) → LiAlH 4 CH 3 - CH 2 - NH 2 Ethylamine ( B ) → CHCl 3 + alc . KOH CH 3 CH 2 NC Ethyl isocyanide From the above reactions, first, methyl chloride is reacted with potassium cyanide, methyl cyanide is formed which on reduction, gives ethylamine. When ethylamine is treated with chloroform and alcoholic potassium hydroxides, ethyl isocyanide is formed.

Convert 2 -chlorobutane to 2 -Butene.

The conversion of 2 -chlorobutane to 2 -Butene takes place by the following reaction, The reaction of 2 -chlorobutane with alcoholic potassium hydroxide took place and the product formed according to saytzeff rule. The reaction is known as the dehydrohalogenation reaction of haloalkanes.

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Benzyl chloride, is a primary halide but it undergoes $S_{N} 1$ reaction as fast as tertiary halides. Give reason.

Chapter-Wise 3D Chemistry Videos from Embibe Experts EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR CHEMISTRY

09 min 01 sec

Nomenclature of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Haloalkanes are formed by replacing a hydrogen atom in an alkane with a halogen atom. Haloarenes are derived by replacing the hydrogen atom attached to the b...

03 min 54 sec

Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions

This video explains that the haloarenes and substituted haloarenes undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction. Find out more about this reaction in this video.

05 min 03 sec

Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Haloarenes

This video explains that haloarenes do not undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions under normal conditions and the various reasons for this non-reactivity.