Consider the following statements:

The most effective contribution made by Dadabhai Naoroji to the cause of the Indian National Movement was that:

1. Exposed the economic exploitation of India by the British.

2. Interpreted the ancient Indian texts and restored the self-confidence of Indians.

3. Stressed the need for eradication of all the social evils before anything else.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?

Foundation of INC: Moderate Phase

1. In the context of modern Indian history, the Indian National Congress played a vital role in giving direction to the Indian freedom struggle and also supported mass politisation.

2. The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885, at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit Mahavidyalaya, Bombay, and the first session of the congress was headed by W.C Banerjee.

3. The establishment of Congress could not be possible without the contribution of an ex-ICS officer A.O Hume, whereas. Lord Dufferin was then the viceroy in India.

4. George Yule was the first European president of INC, whereas Badruddin Tyabji and Annie Besant were the first Muslim and first lady president of INC respectively.

5. The Moderates

The initial phase of the Indian National Congress, from 1885 to 1905 is said to be the phase of moderates. Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendranath Banerjee, Pherozeshah Mehta. R.C Dutt, M.G Ranade were some famous moderate leaders.

6. The early demand of moderates

(i) Moderates believed in cooperation with the British in order to bring any desirable changes. Hence, their demands included-

(ii) Entry of Indians in Legislature.

(iii) Better opportunity in Public Service Commission.

(iv) Reduction in Land Revenue.

(v) Abolishment of salt tax, opium tax, etc.

(vi) Better opportunity to Indian soldiers.