Match Column - I with Column - II. Column -I Column -II (a) S phase (i) Proteins are synthesized (b) G 2 phase (ii) Inactive phase (c) Quiescent stage (iii) Interval between mitosis and initiation of DNA replication (d) G 1 phase (iv) DNA replication Choose the correct answer from options given below.

( a ) - ( iv ) ; ( b ) - ( i ) ; ( c ) - ( ii ) ; ( d ) - ( iii )

( a ) - ( iii ) ; ( b ) - ( ii ) ; ( c ) - ( i ) ; ( d ) - ( iv )

( a ) - ( iv ) ; ( b ) - ( ii ) ; ( c ) - ( iii ) ; ( d ) - ( i )

( a ) - ( ii ) ; ( b ) - ( iv ) ; ( c ) - ( iii ) ; ( d ) - ( i )

Identify the correct statement with regard to G 1 phase (Gap 1) of interphase.

Cell is metabolically active, grows but does not replicate its DNA.

Reorganisation of all cell components takes place.

DNA synthesis or replication takes place.

Match the following events that occur in their respective phases of the cell cycle and select the correct option: Column-I Column-II (a) G 1 phase (i) Cell grows and organelle duplication (b) S phase (ii) DNA replication and chromosome duplication (c) G 2 phase (iii) Cytoplasmic growth (d) Metaphase in M - phase (iv) Alignment of chromosomes

( a ) - ( i ) , ( b ) - ( ii ) , ( c ) - ( iii ) , ( d ) - ( iv )

( a ) - ( ii ) , ( b ) - ( iii ) , ( c ) - ( iv ) , ( d ) - ( i )

( a ) - ( iii ) , ( b ) - ( iv ) , ( c ) - ( i ) , ( d ) - ( ii )

( a ) - ( iv ) , ( b ) - ( i ) , ( c ) - ( ii ) , ( d ) - ( iii )

DNA replication takes place in Or DNA molecule of each chromosome become double in Or DNA and histone proteins are synthesized during the following phase of cell cycle

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

If onion root tip cell has

14

chromosomes and DNA content as

2 C,

what are the number of chromosomes and DNA content during

G_{1}, S

and

G_{2}

phases respectively?

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Cell in the quiescent stage

(G_{0})

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Match Column - I with Column - II.

Column -I		Column -II
(a)	$S$ phase	(i)	Proteins are synthesized
(b)	$G_{2}$ phase	(ii)	Inactive phase
(c)	Quiescent stage	(iii)	Interval between mitosis and initiation of DNA replication
(d)	$G_{1}$ phase	(iv)	DNA replication

Choose the correct answer from options given below.

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Select the incorrect statement of cell cycle.

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

During which phase(s) of cell cycle, amount of DNA in a cell remains at 4 C level if the initial amount is denoted as 2C?

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Choose the incorrect statements among the following.
A) Cells of the lining of the gut are replaced by mitotic division constantly
B) Formation of liquid endosperm takes place, if karyokinesis is not followed by cytokinesis
C) In telophase, the chromosomes reach the poles and condenses to form the chromatic network
D) In quiescent stage, the cell is metabolically inactive.

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

The fruit fly has

8

chromosomes

(2 n)

in each cell. During the interphase of mitosis if the number of chromosomes at

G_{1}

phase is

8 .

What would be the number of chromosomes after the S phase?

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Match List I with List II:

List I	List II
A. M phase	I. Proteins are synthesized
B. G₂Phase	II. Inactive phase
C. Quiescent stage	III. Interval between mitosis and initiation of DNA replication
D. G₁ Phase	IV. Equational Division

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Identify the correct statement with regard to G₁ phase (Gap 1) of interphase.

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Arrange the following events of mitotic cell cycle in series
a) Reformation of nucleolus, Golgi complex and

ER

b) Amount of

DNA

per cell doubles
c) Disappearance of Golgi complex and

ER

d) Condensation of chromatin into chromosome
e) Distribution of mitochondria and plastids to daughter cells
f) Separation of chromatids at centromere

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Match the following events that occur in their respective phases of the cell cycle and select the correct option:

Column-I		Column-II
(a)	$G_{1}$ phase	(i)	Cell grows and organelle duplication
(b)	$S$ phase	(ii)	$DNA$ replication and chromosome duplication
(c)	$G_{2}$ phase	(iii)	Cytoplasmic growth
(d)	Metaphase in $M -$ phase	(iv)	Alignment of chromosomes

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Which of the following best describes the DNA content and the number of chromosomes at the end of S and M phases of the cell cycle in mitosis, if the DNA content of the cell at the beginning of the cell cycle (G1 phase) is considered as C and the number of chromosomes 2 N?

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

The nucleus of a diploid organism contains

3 ng

of

DNA

in

G_{1}

phase. Which ONE of the following statement describes the state of the cell at the end of

S

phase?

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

' G_{0}'

' stage of the cell cycle is characterized by ________

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

The number of chromatids present in a human cell in the

G_{2}

phase, prophase, post-cytokinesis and

G_{1}

phase, respectively are:

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

During cell growth, DNA synthesis takes place in

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: During G₀phase of cell cycle, the cell is metabolically inactive.

Statement II: The centrosome undergoes duplication during S phase of the interphase.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Gene

P^{53}

guards integrity of

DNA

and hence called 'Guardian Angel of Cell's genome'. It checks the integrity of

DNA

at

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Following the cell cycle scheme given below, what is the probability that a cell would be in M-phase at any given time?

Question Image

HARD

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

A somatic cell that has just completed the S phase of its cell cycle, as compared to gamete of the same species, has:

DNA replication takes place in
Or
DNA molecule of each chromosome become double in
Or
DNA and histone proteins are synthesized during the following phase of cell cycle

Important Questions on Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.

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