Aeration is a process in which the air is pumped into clarified water so that bacteria can proliferate, and it consumes human waste. The bacteria leave chemical wastes such as food waste, soap, and other unwanted materials in the water and finally settle down at the bottom after several hours. Water is then removed from the top for irrigation or further processing.

Chlorination is a process in which the aerated water is treated with chemicals like chlorine to remove the germs left in the water. After chlorination, the water becomes fit for drinking once again.

The process of maintaining overall cleanliness in the home and the surroundings is known as sanitation, and it is important for the health a person and the community.

The impurity such as inorganic and organic materials, large concentrations of some plant nutrients, human faeces collected from the sedimentation tank is known as sludge.

The underground pipes meant to carry wastewater, such as sewage water and waste matter, from a place to another, are called sewers. They are built with manholes at frequent intervals.

The pipes which carry wastewater, such as sewage water and waste matter, are sewers, and the network of sewers is known as sewerage. Manholes are the holes made in sewers at the frequent intervals for the inspections and cleaning of sewers.