Pollination is the process of transfer of male gamete to the female gamete within a flower or from one flower to another. Geitonogamy is a mode of pollination. It is combination of two Latin words they are : geiton = neighbour and gamy means marriage. Geitonogamy is the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on the same plant. It is a type of self-pollination.

Pollination is the process of transfer of male gamete to the female gamete within a flower or from one flower to another. Cleistogamy is a mode of pollination. In this type, there is fertilization that takes place within the same flower. Sometimes the flowers does not open, in this case, the Cleistogamy mode helps them to continue fertilization. e.g. peanuts, pea ( Pisum sativum ), etc.

IVF stands for in vitro fertilization. It is a process of fertilizing an ovum outside the human body. The technique takes place in laboratory by providing it suitable conditions for the growth and development of the baby. It involves monitoring as well as stimulating a women's ovulatory process by removing it from the body and making it fertilize in the laboratory.

Humification is a method of the composition of humic materials decayed from remains of the plant like leaves and twigs. The breakdown of plant materials by the activity of decomposers such as bacteria and fungi leads to formation of a complex organic substance called humus. The bacteria and fungi attack lignin or dead organic matter in the appearance of oxygen and transformed to humic substances. This process takes place spontaneously in soil, or the generation of humus. Humification affects the volume of water in the soil. Humus is very essential for the soil fertility in both a natural and artificial sense. It supports in attachment of the particles of soil and hence affect their structure.

Decomposition is the complex process of disintegration of dead organic matters into simpler inorganic or organic matter such as carbon dioxide, simple sugars, water, and mineral salts by the activity of decomposers such as bacteria and fungi. These microorganisms feed on organic matter and reproduce.