Parturition refers to the process of giving birth to offspring, commonly known as childbirth. It involves the series of events leading to the expulsion of the foetus from the mother's uterus, through the birth canal (vagina), into the external environment. Parturition is a complex process that includes uterine contractions, dilation of the cervix, and the eventual expulsion of the baby, followed by the expulsion of the placenta. Hormonal changes, particularly an increase in oxytocin, play a significant role in coordinating the events of parturition.

The ovum is the female gamete. It is released every month in females for fertilisation. The fertilised ovum gets implanted in the uterus and the development of the baby takes place and the unfertilised ovum gets degenerated. The process of release of the ovum by the ovary is called ovulation. It is a part of the menstrual cycle, and it occurs when an egg is released.

The hernia is an abnormal condition that is caused when the intestine due to pressure in the abdomen bulges into the scrotum through the inguinal canal. In this condition, part of an organ is displaced and protrudes through the wall of the cavity containing it.