Define the following: Reproductive health

Reproductive health can be best defined as an ability when an individual can produce new healthy offspring. This health represents the well-being of the individual in terms of physiological, psychological, physical, and social. This helps in the prevention of short life expectancies, high levels of child and maternal mortality, child issue, and illiteracy, and poverty.

Give four causes of infertility in males.

Infertility is a failure to conceive within one or more years of regular unprotected coitus. Infertility in males due to the following causes: Cryptorchidism: It is a condition in which testes are unable to descend in scrotal sacs so that sperms are not produced. Immotile cilia: Sperms are unable to move from the vagina to the upper portion of the genital tract of the female. Absence or blockage of vasa deferentia and vasa efferentia. Impotency: The male is unable to erect and penetrate the penis into the vagina of the female.