Sewage is a liquid waste that contains wastewater from home, industries, and hospitals and it also contains various pollutants like pesticides, chemicals, animal excreta, etc. Sewage is a type of pollutant that can contaminate freshwater resources.

Dumping refers to the improper and uncontrolled disposal of waste. Dumping can have harmful effects on the environment and public health. Dumping involves disposing of waste in landfills that do not meet proper engineering and operational standards, which can lead to soil and water pollution.

The process of converting biodegradable waste into compost by the action of microorganisms called composting. Compost is rich in nutrients and helps in the growth and development of the plants.

Incineration is the disposal of waste materials by burning. The waste is subjected to controlled combustion releasing incombustible residues along with gaseous release. The end products are ashes and clinkers.

Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects. Recycling aims to reduce waste sent to landfills and incinerators, conserve natural resources, and minimise the environmental impact associated with the generation and disposal of various materials.