Hormones are chemical substances produced by the specialised glands known as endocrine glands. Their main role is to control and regulate the activity of certain cells and organs. Some of their examples include insulin, prolactin, thyroxine, etc.

Complete the following table by filling in the blanks numbered 1 to 7. Gland Hormone secreted Effect on body (1) _____ (2) _____ Regulates basal metabolism Pancreas ("beta" cells) (3) _____ Controls blood sugar (4) _____ (5) _____ Increases heart beat (6) _____ Thyroid stimulating hormone (7) _____

The thyroid gland is a bilobed gland situated in front of the neck just below the larynx. This gland produces the thyroxine hormone, which regulates basal metabolism. The pancreas is a heterocrine gland that is located in the abdomen. It secretes enzymes for the digestive system as well as produces hormones like insulin that controls blood sugar. Adrenal glands are caps like structures located on the top of each kidney. It consists of two parts - the adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex. Adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline hormone. This hormone prepares the body to meet any emergency situation and increases heartbeat. The pituitary gland has two distinct lobes that are the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary secretes different types of hormone which play different roles in our body. Thyroid-stimulating hormone is one of them which stimulates the secretion of thyroxine hormone. Gland Hormone secreted Effect on body (1) Thyroid (2) Thyroxin Regulates basal metabolism Pancreas ("beta" cells) (3) Insulin Controls blood sugar (4) Adrenal gland (5) Adrenaline Increases heart beat (6) Anterior pituitary Thyroid stimulating hormone (7) Stimulates thyroxin secretion

Disease Name Reason Gland Cushing disease (a) Adrenal gland (b) Low cortisol (c) (d) Insulin (e) (f) Iodine deficiency (g) Dwarfism (h) (i)

The adrenal gland, also called the suprarenal gland is located at the top of each kidney. There are several diseases that may impact the functionality of this gland. Two notable examples are Cushing disease due to excess creation of cortisol and Addison's disease which occurs due to low cortisol levels. The pancreas secretes the hormone called insulin and the function of insulin hormone is to lower the blood sugar level. Deficiency of this hormone in the body causes a disease known as diabetes. Goitre is a swelling in the neck due to an enlarged thyroid gland caused by iodine deficiency. Growth hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland. It regulates the growth and development of the body. If this hormone is deficient in childhood, it can lead to dwarfism. Disease Name Reason Gland Cushing disease (a) Excess cortisol Adrenal gland (b) Addison disease Low cortisol (c) Adrenal (d) Diabetes Insulin (e) Pancreas (f) Goitre Iodine deficiency (g) Thyroid Dwarfism (h) Low growth hormone (i) Pituitary

The diagram given below represents an endocrine gland in the human body. Study the diagram and answer the following questions: (i) Identify the endocrine gland. Where is it located? (ii) Why is the above gland referred to as the ‘Master gland’? (iii) Name the hormone which in deficiency causes Diabetes Insipidus. How does this disorder differ from Diabetes Mellitus? (iv) Explain the term ‘Hormone’. What is the role of Tropic hormones in the human body? (v) Which lobe of the above gland secretes: 1.Oxytocin 2.ACTH 3.Growth hormone

(i) The endocrine gland given in the diagram is the Pituitary gland. Through secretion of its hormones, the pituitary gland controls metabolism, growth, sexual maturation, reproduction, blood pressure and many other vital physical functions and processes. It is located at the base of the mid-brain below hypothalamus. (ii) The pituitary gland is called master gland of the body because it is responsible for the release of that regulate the activity of other endocrine glands and bodily systems. (iii) Diabetes insipidus occurs when the body can't regulate how it handles fluids. The condition is caused by a hormonal abnormality and isn't related to diabetes. Deficiency of ADH causes diabetes insipidus in which urination is frequent. Diabetes mellitus is caused due to the deficiency of Insulin in which urine contains sugar. (iv) Hormones are chemical messengers released from endocrine glands. Hormones is transported by bloods and acts on target organs or cells. Tropic hormone secreted by pituitary gland and stimulates other endocrine gland to secrete their hormone. (v) Oxytocin- Posterior pituitary ACTH- Anterior pituitary Growth hormone- Anterior pituitary

Complete the table: Name of the hormone Endocrine Gland Function (i) (ii) Deposits extra glucose of blood as glycogen Growth hormone (iii) (iv) (v) Thyroid (vi) (vii) (viii) Prepare the body for any emergency Oxytocin (ix) (x)

Name of the hormone Endocrine Gland Function Insulin Pancreas Deposits extra glucose of blood as glycogen Growth hormone Anterior pituitary gland It controls the growth of our body Thyroxine Thyroid It plays vital roles in digestion, muscle and heart (it is a muscular organ) function, brain development Adrenaline Adrenal gland Prepare the body for any emergency Oxytocin Pituitary gland It is involved in childbirth and breast-feeding

Expand the following biological abbreviation: TSH

Hormones are the chemical messengers that are secreted by the endocrine gland directly into the blood. The full form of TSH is a Thyroid-stimulating hormone. They are secreted by the thyroid gland, which is located in front of the neck. The functions of the thyroid hormones are as follows: Thyroid hormones regulate the metabolic rate of the body. They also help with protein synthesis.

EASY

10th ICSE

IMPORTANT

Earn 100

Define hormones.

Important Questions on The Endocrine System

HARD

10th ICSE

IMPORTANT

Biology Crash Course (Based on Revised Syllabus-2023)>Chapter 5 - The Endocrine System>Exercise>Q 78

Complete the following table by filling in the blanks numbered 1 to 7.

Gland	Hormone secreted	Effect on body
(1) _____	(2) _____	Regulates basal metabolism
Pancreas ("beta" cells)	(3) _____	Controls blood sugar
(4) _____	(5) _____	Increases heart beat
(6) _____	Thyroid stimulating hormone	(7) _____

MEDIUM

10th ICSE

IMPORTANT

Biology Crash Course (Based on Revised Syllabus-2023)>Chapter 5 - The Endocrine System>Exercise>Q 79

Identify the odd one and mention what the rest are:

Larynx; glucagon; testosterone; prolactin.

HARD

10th ICSE

IMPORTANT

Biology Crash Course (Based on Revised Syllabus-2023)>Chapter 5 - The Endocrine System>Exercise>Q 80

What is the role of hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

MEDIUM

10th ICSE

IMPORTANT

Biology Crash Course (Based on Revised Syllabus-2023)>Chapter 5 - The Endocrine System>Exercise>Q 81

Disease Name	Reason	Gland
Cushing disease	(a)	Adrenal gland
(b)	Low cortisol	(c)
(d)	Insulin	(e)
(f)	Iodine deficiency	(g)
Dwarfism	(h)	(i)

MEDIUM

10th ICSE

IMPORTANT

Biology Crash Course (Based on Revised Syllabus-2023)>Chapter 5 - The Endocrine System>Exercise>Q 82

Identify the odd one and mention what the rest are:

Adrenaline; penicillin; insulin; thyroxin.

MEDIUM

10th ICSE

IMPORTANT

Biology Crash Course (Based on Revised Syllabus-2023)>Chapter 5 - The Endocrine System>Exercise>Q 83

A and B are the two systems of control and coordination in the human body. The messages in system A are transmitted in the form of chemical substances C which travel comparatively slowly through the bloodstream. The substances C are made in tissues D present in the head and trunk of the human body. The messages in system B are transmitted very quickly in the form of electrical impulses through fibres E. The effect of messages transmitted by system B usually lasts for a much shorter time as compared to those transmitted by system A.

What is tissue D? Name any five such tissues in the human body.

EASY

10th ICSE

IMPORTANT

Biology Crash Course (Based on Revised Syllabus-2023)>Chapter 5 - The Endocrine System>Exercise>Q 84

Why is oxytocin given to induce labour?

EASY

10th ICSE

IMPORTANT

Biology Crash Course (Based on Revised Syllabus-2023)>Chapter 5 - The Endocrine System>Exercise>Q 85

Name various gonadotropin hormones

Define hormones.

Important Questions on The Endocrine System

Learn and Prepare for any exam you want !