The stalk of the leaf, which is a part of stem, continues into the leaf or lamina, forming the midrib. The midrib branches into veins to form a web in the leaf. These transport water and minerals to the leaf and carry food from the leaf to other parts of the plant. The arrangement of veins in a leaf is called venation, It can be of two types: (a) Reticulate venation: When the veins form a network across the leaf on both sides of midrib, it is called reticulate venation. For example, peepal, china rose, mustard, mango, etc. (b) Parallel venation: When the veins run parallel to each other in a leaf, we call it parallel venation. For example, banana, maize, bamboo, sugarcane.

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower. This may be done by wind, water, birds and insects. After pollination, fertilisation takes place in which male and female reproductive cells fuse together. After fertilisation, the ovules start growing into seeds and the ovary, as a whole becomes a fruit. As the fruit matures, the petals wither away. Thus, a flower changes into a fruit and the fruit bears the seeds.