An illustration related to human evolution is given. Analyse it and answer the following questions: Mention the two important characteristics of organisms belong to (2).

Different organisms have been evolved in different times. These have been classified for identification purposes. Hominoidea historically included only humans and their near-extinct relatives, that is, those more closely related to humans than the other great apes, which were in a separate family. (2) represents the family Hominoidea. The two important characteristics of the organisms belonging to this family are They have developed brain. They have freely moveable hands.

An illustration related to human evolution is given. Analyse it and answer the following questions: How does the comparative study of haemoglobin helped to identify the evolutionary relationship between man and chimpanzee ?

Different organisms have been evolved in different times. These have been classified for identification purposes. Chimpanzees and humans both belong to the family Hominoidea. A comparative study of haemoglobin explains how an ancestral single-function molecule gave rise to descending molecules with varied functions. Haemoglobin is the molecule in red blood cells responsible for giving blood its colour and for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Evolutionary evidence suggests that there is no difference in the number of amino acids in the chain of haemoglobin found in the man or chimpanzee. It also suggests the same evolutionary roots of these organisms.

Column A Column B A. Walked on limbs i. Ape Ïike B . Homo sapiens ii. Homo erectus C. Java man iii. Hugo de Vries D. Dryopithecus iv. Modern man

A— ii, Homo erectus was the first man on earth who walked on two limbs. They had undergone various morphological changes due to evolution. B — iv Homo sapiens were the modern man. They were one of the several species grouped into the genus Homo, but it is the only one that is not extinct. C — iii Java man is the extinct hominids known from fossil remains found on the island of Java. Hugo de Vries worked in the fields of heredity and its relation to the origin of species, framing the mutation theory. D — i Dryopithecus is the genus of extinct ape that is representative of early members of the lineage that includes humans and other apes. Column A Column B A. Walked on limbs ii. Homo erectus B . Homo sapiens iv. Modern man C. Java man iii. Hugo de Vries D. Dryopithecus i. Ape Ïike