Name: The Marvel of the Human Genome Project
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 5 min 5 s
Description: The Human Genome Project is an ambitious research effort to decipher the chemical makeup of the entire human genetic code (i.e., the genome). Learn more.

Question

Describe the process of transcription in protein synthesis.

Accepted Answer

The transcription is the process of formation of mRNA on the template strand of DNA. The process occurs in the presence of the enzyme RNA polymerase. In this process, the genetic information of DNA is copied into RNA.

A transcription unit is required for the transcription to occur. It contains the following parts:

i) Promoter- A small DNA segment which is present towards 5' end (upstream) and provides a binding site for RNA polymerase is called a promoter.
ii) Structural gene- It is the nucleotide sequence that is to be transcribed. It consists of the exons and introns. The exons are the coding sequences that are transcribed while the introns are the non-coding sequences and are not transcribed.
iii) Terminator- A small DNA sequence which is present towards 3' end (downstream) and stops the transcription process is called the terminator.

During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase initiates the process by binding to the promoter site. The complementary nucleotides join the template strand one after the other to form an mRNA strand during elongation. As this enzyme reaches the terminator region, both the enzyme and newly constructed RNA separates. This process is called the termination of transcription.
In the prokaryotic organisms as bacteria, the newly formed RNA does not require further processing, but in eukaryotes, the RNA is non-functional when it is formed and undergoes certain post-transcriptional changes.
(i) Capping- In this process there is an addition of methyl guanosine triphosphate at 5'end of RNA.

(ii) Splicing-The removal of introns from the RNA is called splicing.

(iii) Tailing-Addition of adenylate residues at 3' end is called tailing. The hnRNA which has undergone capping, splicing and tailing now functions as mRNA.

Evidence	Possible location of DNA on the evidence	Sources of DNA e.g. Sweat, Skin
e.g. Eyeglasses	e.g. Ear pieces	e.g. Sweat, Skin
Bottle, Can,glass	Sides, mouthpiece	_____
_____	Handle	Sweat, skin, blood
Used cigarette	Cigarette butt	_____
Bite mark	_____	saliva
_____	Surface area	Hair, semen, sweat, urine

Describe the process of transcription in protein synthesis.

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