Name: The World Population Distribution, Density and Growth - 3
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 4 min 17 s
Description: Understanding Population Change: Births, Deaths, and Migration

Question

Discuss the three stages of demographic transition.

Accepted Answer

Demographic transition theory helps to describe and predict the longer-term population. The theory explains the changes from high births and high deaths to low births and low deaths as society progresses from rural, agrarian, less developed and illiterate to urban, industrial, developed or developing and literate society. These changes occur piecemeal, which are collectively known as the demographic cycle.

The first stage shows high fertility and high mortality rates. People reproduce more to compensate for the deaths. Population growth is slow and most people are engaged in agriculture, making large families an asset. Life expectancy is not high, and people are not much literate and have low levels of technological know-how. Around two hundred years ago many countries were in this stage.

In the second stage, fertility declines with time, accompanied by a reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions and healthcare facilities lead to a decline in mortality, because of this gap the net addition to the population leads to a population explosion. E.g. Countries like India.

In the last stage, there is a decline in fertility and mortality decline. The population remains constant or grows slowly. The population becomes literate and gained technical know-how and controls the family size. Some countries, like Western European countries, even face negative growth in population.

Discuss the three stages of demographic transition.

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