The formation of soil occurs as a result of weathering of rocks. Sun, water, wind, and living organisms play a vital role in this process. Sun- Rocks expand in the daytime due to sun's intense heat and then cools and contract during the night time. This regular expansion and contraction cause cracks which eventually leads to the breakdown of rocks. Water- Water helps in soil formation either by fast flow or freezing. The water freezes in soil cracks resulting in expansion and breaking of rocks. The fast flowing of water causes rocks to weather slowly and transfer of soil particles to new places. Wind- Strong winds and storms further break the rocks and transfers the soil to different places. Living Organisms- Lichens growing on rock surfaces release chemicals that convert the rocks into powder and lead to the formation of the thin soil layer. Other small plants like mosses grow on the surface of rocks, which causes the rocks to break further.