Draw a circuit diagram for $p$-$n$ junction diode in forward bias. Sketch and discuss the voltage versus current graph for the same.

Draw a circuit diagram for $p$-$n$ junction diode in reverse bias. Discuss voltage-current characteristic curve in the reverse bias, explaining avalanche breakdown.

Draw a labelled circuit diagram of a half-wave rectifier and give its output wave-form.

Explain the use of a $p$-$n$ junction diode as a rectifier. Draw the circuit diagram of a full-wave rectifier and explain its working. Draw the input and output wave-forms.

Show by drawing labelled diagrams, the nature of output voltages in case of a half-wave rectifier.