What is lateral shift? Explain the refraction of light through rectangular glass slab with diagram.

The perpendicular distance between the emergent ray and incident ray when the ray of light emerges from glass slab after two refraction shifts are called lateral shift.This shift depends upon the angle of incidence, the angle of refraction and the thickness of the medium. On entering into the glass medium light ray bends towards the normal that is light ray gets refracted on entering the glass medium. After getting refracted this ray now travels through the glass slab and comes out of the glass slab by refraction from the other interface boundary. Since ray goes from glass medium to air it again gets refracted and bends away from normal. The incident ray and the emergent ray are parallel to each other. i is the angle of incidence, r is the angle of refraction and e is the angle of emergence. Angle of incidence and angle of emergence are equal as emergent ray and incident ray are parallel to each other. When a light ray is incident normally to the interface of two media then there is no bending of light ray and it goes straight through the medium.

Derive 1 f = 1 v + 1 u formula for spherical mirrors.

From the given figure, we notice that △ A B O and △ A ’ B ’ O are similar. Therefore, A ′ B ′ / A B = O B ′ / O B (equation one) Similarly, △ A ’ B ’ F and △ O C F are similar, hence A ′ B ′ / O C = F B ′ / O F But, O C = A B Hence, A ' B ' / A B = F B ' / O F (equation two) Equating equations (1) and (2), we get O B ′ / O B = F B ′ / O F = ( O B ′ − O F ) / O F Substituting the sign convention, we get O B = - u , O B ’ = v a n d O F = f v / − u = ( v − f ) / f v f = − u v + u f o r u v = u f − v f Dividing both the sides by u v f , we get ⇒ 1 / f = 1 / v − 1 / u The above equation is known as the Lens formula. It relates the focal length of a lens with the distance of an object which is placed in front of it and the image formed of that object.

Name the type of mirror used in side / rearview mirror of a vehicle. Support your answer with reason.

A convex mirror is used in the side/rearview mirror of a vehicle. It always provides an erect image and has a larger field of view as they are curved outwards. A convex mirror is used as side rearview mirror, because its field of view is larger, and it forms virtual, erect and diminished images of objects behind.