Draw the structure of butanone.

The chemical formula of butanone is C 4 H 8 O or CH 3 C ( O ) CH 2 CH 3 . It is commonly known as methyl ethyl ketone. The structure of butanone is as follows: It is the second member of the ketone family. It contains a carbonyl functional group.

What are the products formed when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate? Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

When ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate, sodium ethanoate or sodium acetate is formed. A brisk effervescence of carbon dioxide gas is observed. The chemical equation for this reaction is as follows: 2 CH 3 COOH l + Na 2 CO 3 s → 2 CH 3 COONa aq + H 2 O l + CO 2 g

Write the names of the following compounds: (i) CH 3 - CH 2 - Br (ii)

(i) The IUPAC name of CH 3 - CH 2 - Br is Bromoethane. It is commonly known as ethyl bromide, It contains the haloalkane functional group. (ii) The IUPAC name of is Methanal. It is commonly known as formaldehyde. It contains the aldehyde functional group.

Explain substitution reaction with one example.

A substitution reaction is a chemical reaction in which an atom, ion or group of atoms in a molecule is replaced by another atom, ion, or group. It involves the direct replacement of an atom or a group of atoms in an organic molecule by another atom or group of atoms without any change in the remaining part of the molecule. An example of a substitution reaction is a halogenation reaction. The chlorination of methane in presence of sunlight involves the conversion of methane to carbon tetrachloride by substitution reaction as hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine atoms. CH 4 + Cl 2 → Sunlight CH 3 Cl + HCl CH 3 Cl + Cl 2 → Sunlight CH 2 Cl 2 + HCl CH 2 Cl 2 + Cl 2 → Sunlight CHCl 3 + HCl CHCl 3 + Cl 2 → Sunlight CCl 4 + HCl

What happens when ethanol is heated with alkaline KMnO 4 or acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ? Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

When ethanol is heated with alkaline KMnO 4 or acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7 , an oxidation reaction takes place. Oxidation reaction involves the addition of oxygen and removal of hydrogen. Ethanol is oxidised to ethanoic acid in this reaction. The chemical equation is as follows: CH 3 CH 2 OH Ethanol → or Acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7 + heat Alk . KMnO 4 + heat CH 3 COOH Ethanoic acid Here, KMnO 4 and K 2 Cr 2 O 7 are the oxidising agents in the reaction.

Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid an oxidation reaction?

Oxidation reaction involves the addition of oxygen and removal of hydrogen. The conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid is an oxidation reaction because oxygen is added to ethanol and hydrogen is removed from it to convert it to ethanoic acid. The chemical equation is as follows: CH 3 CH 2 OH Ethanol → or Acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7 + heat Alk . KMnO 4 + heat CH 3 COOH Ethanoic acid Here, KMnO 4 and K 2 Cr 2 O 7 provides oxygen to ethanol. So, they are the oxidising agents for the above reaction.