Define homologous organs and analogous organs. Can the wings of a bird and that of a bat be considered as homologous organs? Justify your answer.

The organs of different organisms that have the same in origin but having different functions is called homologous organs. They have been developed along with different directions due to adaptations to different needs. Example: Forelimbs of humans and wings of birds are an example of homologous organs. Analogous organs are those organs which are structurally different but have similar appearance and perform similar functions. The wings of bird and bat are of different structure, but both of them helps to fly. Hence, it is not homologous organs instead they are analogous organs.

What is a dominant character? How did Mendel prove through his experiments that the inherited characters are transmitted independently from one generation to the next?

The character that expresses when it is transmitted by a single gene. Example: Green coloured pod is a dominant trait over the yellow coloured pod ones; round seeds are dominant over the wrinkled ones. Mendel crossed two pea plants differing in contrasting traits of two characters i.e a dihybrid cross. He crossed a pea plant having yellow coloured and rounded seeds with another pea plant having green coloured and wrinkled seed. The F1 generation has all round and yellow seeds. The F 2 generation, all the characters inherited independently.(round yellow, round green, wrinkled yellow, wrinkled green.

Mention the factors that could lead to the rise of a new species.

Speciation helps in the rise of new species evolution biology. New species is formed when a group of individuals gets separated from their species for a long time, and later evolved as a different trait. There are many factors that lead to the rise of a new species. There are few factors listed below, they are: Genetic drift. Natural selection. Genetic mutation(a change in a DNA sequence). Geographical isolation. Reproductive isolation. Environmental factors on the isolated populations.

E M B I B E

EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 9 - Heredity and Evolution>assam board-2019>Q 2

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During the course of evolution, the process by which the characteristic features of the members of a species modify due to the influence of various factors and thus give rise to the organisms with new characteristic features is called

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Important Questions on Heredity and Evolution

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EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 9 - Heredity and Evolution>assam board-2019>Q 3

What is a dominant character?

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EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 9 - Heredity and Evolution>assam board-2019>Q 4

What is the importance of DNA copying in reproduction?

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EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 9 - Heredity and Evolution>assam board-2019>Q 5

Explain the relation between evolution and classification

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EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 9 - Heredity and Evolution>assam board-2019>Q 6

How many pairs of sex chromosomes are contained by the human beings? Explain how is sex determined in a human child.

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EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 9 - Heredity and Evolution>assam board-2020>Q 7

If a cross is made between the plants having TT (tall) and tt (dwarf) genetic composition, which type of plants we will obtain in the next generation ?

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EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 9 - Heredity and Evolution>assam board-2020>Q 8

Why are traits acquired during the lifetime of an individual not inherited?

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EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 9 - Heredity and Evolution>assam board-2020>Q 9

What factors would lead to rising of the new species? Explain.

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EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 9 - Heredity and Evolution>assam board-2020>Q 10

What would you understand by geographical isolation? Will this be a major factor in the speciation of a self-pollinating plant species? Why or why not?

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