A transducer is a device that does transduction i.e. conversion of one form of energy into another. As we know, there are many energy types like chemical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic, acoustic, etc. They can be interconverted as per requirement. Any form of energy can be made as an input. Some of the common examples of transducers that we see around us are loudspeaker, image sensor etc. Mainly there are two types of transducer which are mechanical transducer and electronic transducer. Electronic transducers are more often used in a communication system. Mechanical transducer- They convert a physical form of energy to mechanical forms whereas electronic transducer converts mechanical forms to electrical quantity, mainly into signals. Based on the direction of information the transducer can be a sensor or actuator. A sensor responds to physical stimuli and passes information in the form of a signal accordingly. An actuator is controlled by signal and it converts energy to motion. The robot control system is an example. In the electronic communication system, the transducer is of great importance. They convert various other forms into electric signals. Some of the most commonly used transducers are microphones, speakers, radio transmitters etc...

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Elemental semiconductor cannot be used to make visible LEDs.

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Important Questions on Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

MEDIUM

Physics>Modern Physics>Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits>Energy Band Theory and Electrical Properties of Matter

As the temperature increases, the electrical resistance

HARD

Physics>Modern Physics>Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits>Energy Band Theory and Electrical Properties of Matter

In a sample of semiconductor mobilities of electrons and holes are

24 \times 10^{3} {cm}^{2} V^{- 1} s^{- 1}

and

0.2 \times 10^{3} {cm}^{2} V^{- 1} s^{- 1}

respectively. If the density of electrons is

0.8 \times 10^{14} {cm}^{- 3}

and that of holes is

0.4 \times 10^{14} {cm}^{- 3}

. Find the nature of the semi-conductor and its conductivity.

HARD

Physics>Modern Physics>Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits>Energy Band Theory and Electrical Properties of Matter

Write down the difference between a semiconductor and a superconductor on the basis of relationship between resistivity and temperature.

EASY

Physics>Modern Physics>Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits>Energy Band Theory and Electrical Properties of Matter

Which of the energy band diagrams shown in the figure corresponds to that of a semiconductor?

MEDIUM

Physics>Modern Physics>Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits>Energy Band Theory and Electrical Properties of Matter

What is NAND gate. Draw its symbol. Write truth table and draw its output single in wave form.

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Physics>Modern Physics>Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits>Energy Band Theory and Electrical Properties of Matter

The band gap in

Ge

and

Si

eV

respectively is

MEDIUM

Physics>Modern Physics>Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits>Energy Band Theory and Electrical Properties of Matter

Give an example of semi-conductor.

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Physics>Modern Physics>Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits>Energy Band Theory and Electrical Properties of Matter

When will the conductivity of a Ge semiconductor decrease?

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Physics>Modern Physics>Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits>Energy Band Theory and Electrical Properties of Matter

What is transducer?

HARD

Physics>Modern Physics>Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits>Energy Band Theory and Electrical Properties of Matter

What are logic gates? Write symbols and truth table for OR, AND, NOT and NAND gates.

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Physics>Modern Physics>Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits>Energy Band Theory and Electrical Properties of Matter

What will be the effect of increasing the temperature on the conductivity of pure semiconductor?

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Physics>Modern Physics>Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits>Energy Band Theory and Electrical Properties of Matter

Define semiconductor. Explain different types of semiconductor.

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Physics>Modern Physics>Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits>Energy Band Theory and Electrical Properties of Matter

What is the value of energy gap for metals?

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Physics>Modern Physics>Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits>Energy Band Theory and Electrical Properties of Matter

A positive hole in a semiconductor is

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Physics>Modern Physics>Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits>Energy Band Theory and Electrical Properties of Matter

The band gaps of an insulator, semiconductor and conductor are respectively $E_{g_{1},} E_{g_{2}} and E_{g_{3}}$ .The relationship between them can be given as: