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Energy from wood must be extracted more efficiently through

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Important Questions on Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.

EASY
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.

An illustration of a pyramid of a number of an aquatic ecosystem is given.

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The pyramid of energy for the same ecosystem would be:

HARD
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.
(Choose the correct answer)
Which of the following constitute a food chain?
EASY
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.

The following figure represents the flow of energy in a pyramid of food. If this ecosystem receives 100000 kcal of sunlight energy of the energy finally available to Tertiary Consumer (TC) is:

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EASY
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.
Most animals that live in deep oceanic waters are:
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Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.

Give reason:

Food chains generally consist of only three or four steps.

MEDIUM
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.
The study of the relationship between living things and their environment is called _____.
HARD
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.
Define Food chain and Food web.
EASY
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.
What fraction of the assimilated energy is used in respiration by the herbivores?
MEDIUM
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.
Write the types of the food chain and explain it.
MEDIUM
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.

a) Given below are some organisms. Arrange all of them in a food chain and show the direction of the flow of energy.

Eagle, grasshopper, frog, grass, snake.

b) Which of the organism in the above food chain has maximum amount of energy ?
c) Give an example of artificial ecosystem.

EASY
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.
Which one of the following class of animals constitutes the largest biomass on earth?
MEDIUM
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.

A food chain in a polluted aquatic ecosystem is given. Observe it and answer the following questions.
Freshwater → Algae → Fishes → Birds.

(i) Which organisms are disturbed more due to biomagnification? Why?

(ii) This ecosystem will be destroyed gradually due to biomagnification. Why? 

EASY
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.
Individuals of one kind occupying a particular geographic area at a given time are called
EASY
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.
The green plants in a terrestrial ecosystem capture the energy of the sun about
EASY
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.
Which of the following plant traits (characters) is NOT an adaptation to dry (Xeric) habitats?
MEDIUM
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.
Many population colonising a new habitat show a logistic population growth pattern over time, as shown in the figure below.

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In such a population, the POPULATION growth rate:
EASY
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.
Biological diversity increases with the productivity of an ecosystem. In which of the following habitats do we see the greatest diversity of species?
HARD
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.

Attempt the following:

(i) Construct a Food Chain with the help of the organisms given below:

Hawk, Grass, Snake, Hen.

(ii) Why is it not advisable to have a six-step food chain?

(iii) If Pesticides enter the above food chain.
(a) In which organism will it be found in the maximum amount?
(b) What is this phenomenon called?

EASY
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.
In the alpine meadows of the Great Himalayan National Park, the practice of regular grazing by sheep was put to an end. What are the effects on the meadows due to this measure?
EASY
Life Sciences>Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics>Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.>Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.
Which of the following constitute a food chain ?