Match the vocabulary words given in Column A with the definitions given in Column B. Column A Column B Catenation The study of hydrocarbon and its derivatives. Allotropes An unsaturated hydrocarbon in which two carbon atoms are bonded by a double bond. Hydrocarbon An atom or a group of atoms which largely determines the chemical properties of an organic compound Alkane An unsaturated hydrocarbon in which two carbon atoms are bonded by a triple bond. Alkene Compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. Alkyne A 5 - 8 % solution of acetic acid in water. Functional group The particles of colloidal size formed due to the aggregation of several units of soap molecules in a dispersion medium. Homologous series The compounds of carbon and hydrogen. Isomers Ammonium or sulphonate salts of long-chain carboxylic acids. Esterification The property of atoms of an element to link with one another to form chains. Micelles The reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of a mineral acid catalyst produce an ester. Soap The various physical forms in which an element can exist. Detergent The compounds of carbon and hydrogen in which carbon atoms are linked to each other by single bonds. Vinegar Sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids. Organic chemistry A group of structurally similar compounds, each member of which differ from the preceding or succeeding member by - CH 2 - .

Catenation is the property of atoms of an element to link with one another to form chains. Carbon and silicon show this property. Allotropes are the various physical forms in which an element can exist in the same physical state. Elements exhibiting allotropy include tin, carbon, sulphur, phosphorus, and oxygen. For example, graphite and diamond are both allotropes of carbon that occur in the solid state. Hydrocarbons are the compounds of carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are examples of group 14 hydrides. There are four main categories of hydrocarbons: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Alkanes are the compounds of carbon and hydrogen in which carbon atoms are linked to each other by single bonds. Alkanes have the general formula of C n H 2 n + 2 where n is the number of carbon atoms. Alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon in which two carbon atoms are bonded by a double bond. They undergo addition reactions. Alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon in which two carbon atoms are bonded by a triple bond. It is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. A functional group is an atom or a group of atoms that largely determines the chemical properties of an organic compound. In a homologous series, all the members have the same functional group, so they possess similar chemical properties. A homologous series is a group of structurally similar compounds, each member of which differ from the preceding or succeeding member by − CH 2 − . They have the same functional group so share the same general formula. Isomers are compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. Isomers do not necessarily share similar chemical or physical properties. There are three types of structural isomers: chain isomers, functional group isomers and positional isomers. Esterification is the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of a mineral acid catalyst to produce an ester. This reaction lost an - OH from the carboxylic acid and a hydrogen from the alcohol. These two also combine to form water. Micelles are particles of colloidal size formed due to the aggregation of several units of soap molecules in a dispersion medium. The structures contain hydrophilic/polar regions (head) and hydrophobic/nonpolar regions (tail). Soap is sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids. Saponification is a process that involves the conversion of fat, oil, or lipid, into soap and alcohol by the action of aqueous alkali. Detergent is ammonium or sulphonate salts of long-chain carboxylic acids. Detergents are not easily biodegradable. Vinegar is a 5 - 8 % solution of acetic acid in water. Acetic acid is the common name of ethanoic acid with the formula CH 3 COOH . Organic chemistry is the study of hydrocarbon and its derivatives. Most organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen, but they may also include any number of other elements (e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, halogens, phosphorus, silicon and sulphur). Column A Column B Catenation The property of atoms of an element to link with one another to form chains. Allotropes The various physical forms in which an element can exist. Hydrocarbon The compounds of carbon and hydrogen. Alkane The compounds of carbon and hydrogen in which carbon atoms are linked to each other by single bonds. Alkene An unsaturated hydrocarbon in which two carbon atoms are bonded by a double bond. Alkyne An unsaturated hydrocarbon in which two carbon atoms are bonded by a triple bond. Functional group An atom or a group of atoms which largely determines the chemical properties of an organic compound Homologous series A group of structurally similar compounds, each member of which differ from the preceding or succeeding member by −CH2−. Isomers Compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. Esterification The reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of a mineral acid catalyst produce an ester. Micelles The particles of colloidal size formed due to the aggregation of several units of soap molecules in a dispersion medium. Soap Sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids. Detergent Ammonium or sulphonate salts of long-chain carboxylic acids. Vinegar A 5-8% solution of acetic acid in water. Organic chemistry The study of hydrocarbon and its derivatives.

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Science Chemistry>Chapter 4 - Carbon and Its Compounds>ASSESSTMENT>Q 14

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Ethyne is a tetrahedral molecule.

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Important Questions on Carbon and Its Compounds

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Science Chemistry>Chapter 4 - Carbon and Its Compounds>ASSESSTMENT>Q 15

The IUPAC name of Question Image

is methylethanoate.

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Science Chemistry>Chapter 4 - Carbon and Its Compounds>ASSESSTMENT>Q 1

Match the vocabulary words given in Column A with the definitions given in Column B.

Column A	Column B
Catenation	The study of hydrocarbon and its derivatives.
Allotropes	An unsaturated hydrocarbon in which two carbon atoms are bonded by a double bond.
Hydrocarbon	An atom or a group of atoms which largely determines the chemical properties of an organic compound
Alkane	An unsaturated hydrocarbon in which two carbon atoms are bonded by a triple bond.
Alkene	Compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.
Alkyne	A $5 - 8 %$ solution of acetic acid in water.
Functional group	The particles of colloidal size formed due to the aggregation of several units of soap molecules in a dispersion medium.
Homologous series	The compounds of carbon and hydrogen.
Isomers	Ammonium or sulphonate salts of long-chain carboxylic acids.
Esterification	The property of atoms of an element to link with one another to form chains.
Micelles	The reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of a mineral acid catalyst produce an ester.
Soap	The various physical forms in which an element can exist.
Detergent	The compounds of carbon and hydrogen in which carbon atoms are linked to each other by single bonds.
Vinegar	Sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids.
Organic chemistry	A group of structurally similar compounds, each member of which differ from the preceding or succeeding member by $- {CH}_{2} -$ .