Question

Explain how stem is modified into variously to perform different functions.

Accepted Answer

Stems are modified into different forms and exhibit adaptations that are required for the particular habitat. The following are some stem modifications:

Sucker is a modified sub-aerial stem. It is short, weak, and slender. It grows obliquely upward from the underground part of the stem. It bears small-scale leaves and produce roots at the nodal region. For example- apple.

The stolons are stems that grow at the soil surface or below ground. They form adventitious roots at the nodes, and new plants from the buds. Stolons are called runners. For example - sedge.

Runner is a type of subaerial stem modification. The runner is a creeping stem that has long internodes, that run horizontally on the soil surface. It arises from an axillary bud. They break off and grow into individual plants, and thus help in vegetative propagation. For example- Grasses, peppermint etc.

Stem climbers- The stem of some plant coils around the support. Example: Ipomoea, Convolvulus

Explain how stem is modified into variously to perform different functions.

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