Clotting of blood is of great biological value for the survival of animals. When a vessel is injured, a blood clot forms at the site of injury. This acts as a plug, thereby sealing the ruptured blood vessel. It stops bleeding and prevents loss of vital body fluid. A decrease in capacity of the blood to clot leads to profuse and fatal haemorrhages even if the injury is slight. The process of clotting can be explained as follows: The clotting process starts with the injured cells and platelets releasing thrombokinase at the site of injury, which converts prothrombin to thrombin. The thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin which forms a mesh at the site of injury and traps corpuscles, dead cells etc. This mesh squeezes to release serum and form a clot. The entire process requires calcium ions.

Fibrinogen, or factor I protein present in the blood plasma. It is one of 13 coagulation factors responsible for normal blood clotting, and they are made in the liver. The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin fibres helps in blood clotting.

Match the columns: Column A Column B (1) Clotting (a) Diapedesis (2) Artery (b) Haemoglobin (3) White blood cells (c) Pericardium (4) Erythrocytes (d) Fibrinogen (5) Heart (e) Oxygenated blood

The blood platelets are responsible for the clotting of blood. The injured tissue cells and the platelets disintegrate at the site of injury to release thromboplastin . The thromboplastin with the help of calcium ions converts the prothrombin into thrombin. The thrombin in the presence of calcium ions converts inactive fibrinogen of blood plasma into fibrin. The fibrin forms the network of thread at the site of injury to trap the blood cells. These blood cells then squeeze out its plasma and leave behind a solid mass known as the clot. The plasma which is squeezed out from the blood cells is called the serum. The human circulatory system consists of heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps the blood in the respective blood vessels through which, it reaches the body organs to supply the oxygen and nutrients and collects the carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes. There are three types of blood vessels: Arteries Veins Capillaries Arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body organs. Veins carry dexoygenated blood from the body organs to the heart. The white blood cells migrate to the place of injury. These cells then squeeze out through the wall of capillaries with the help of pseudopodia. This surround the germs completely into a separate vacuole and then kill the germs with the help of digestive enzymes. This process is called phagocytosis. The process of squeezing out of white blood cells is called the diapedesis. Erythrocytes carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carbon dioxide as a waste product away from the tissues and back to the lungs. Haemoglobin is an important protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide to and away from all parts of our body. The heart is a muscular organ, situated behind the sternum and between the lungs in the thoracic cavity. It looks like a blunt cone. The heart remains enclosed in the double-walled sac, called the pericardium . The wall of the pericardium is double layer which remain separated by a small gap. The gap is filled with the fluid called the pericardial fluid and the space is called the pericardial cavity. The fluid prevents the heart from shocks and injuries. Column A Column B (1) Clotting (d) Fibrinogen (2) Artery (e) Oxygenated blood (3) White blood cells (a) Diapedesis (4) Erythrocytes (b) Haemoglobin (5) Heart (c) Pericardium

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Explain how the blood clots are formed?

Important Questions on Transportation - The Circulatory System

EASY

Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

Explain how body will react to the situations described below:
A foreign antigen reaches one's blood.

HARD

Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

ap board class 10 science part 2 section b section 4 question 24

Name the enzyme involves this reaction.

HARD

Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

Which of the following has no role in blood clotting?

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Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

Assertion: Blood clotting prevents leakage of blood from the site of an injury.

Reason: It reduces the loss of blood from the system.

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Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

What happens when fibrinogen is converted to fibrin?

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Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

What is the use of platelets?

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Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

Describe the mechanism of blood clotting.

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Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

What is the use of platelets?

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Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

Describe the process of blood clotting.

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Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

What do you mean by coagulation of blood?

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Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

Mention the beneficial effect of coagulation.

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Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

How does prothrombin affect blood clotting?

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Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

Draw a schematic representation of the mechanism of blood clotting.

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Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

Mention the role of thrombokinase in blood clotting.

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Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

How does blood clot?

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Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

Give a schematic representation of clotting of blood.

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Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

Explain fibrinogen.

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Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

Write one function of the fibrinogen.

EASY

Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

Name the inactive and active form of the protein that forms the mesh resulting in clot formation.

MEDIUM

Science>Biology>Transportation - The Circulatory System>Blood Pressure and Blood Coagulation

Match the columns:

Column A	Column B
(1) Clotting	(a) Diapedesis
(2) Artery	(b) Haemoglobin
(3) White blood cells	(c) Pericardium
(4) Erythrocytes	(d) Fibrinogen
(5) Heart	(e) Oxygenated blood

Explain how the blood clots are formed?

Important Questions on Transportation - The Circulatory System

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