Phenotype is defined as the external appearance of an individual for any trait. It is observable and is determined by different combinations of alleles. For example, in the pea plant, the coloured flower represented by the genotype CC and Cc and the white flower represented by the genotype cc are the two phenotypes.

Rounded seeds (dominant trait) were crossed with wrinkled seeds (recessive trait). (i)What type of seeds will be produced in F 1 generation? (ii)By self-pollination in F 1 seeds, what percentage of seeds will be rounded shape in F 2 generation? Explain with diagram.

Mendel’s work went virtually unnoticed by the scientific community, which incorrectly believed that the process of inheritance involved a blending of parental traits that produced an intermediate physical appearance in offspring. This hypothetical process appeared to be correct because of what we know now as continuous variation. A monohybrid cross is one in which both parents are heterozygous (or a hybrid) for a single (mono) trait. Dominant refers to the relationship between two versions of a gene. A recessive trait is a trait that is expressed when an organism has two recessive alleles, or forms of a gene. Seed shape was one of the traits Mendel studied in his first set of experiments. (i) - Rounded seeds will be produced in F 1 generation. (ii) - The F 2 generation results from self-pollination of F 1 plants, and contained 75 % rounded seeds.

Answer the following: What will be the ratio in F 2 generation in Mendel's dihybrid cross?

A dihybrid cross is a cross between two individuals that are both heterozygous for two different traits. As an example, let's look at pea plants and say the two different traits we're examining are colour and shape of seeds. Mendel observed that the F2 progeny of his dihybrid cross had a 9:3:3:1 ratio and produced nine plants with round, yellow seeds, three plants with round, green seeds, three plants with wrinkled, yellow seeds and one plant with wrinkled, green seeds.

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Explain monohybrid cross with an example, which law of inheritance can we understand?

Important Questions on Heredity and Evolution

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Discuss the monohybrid ratio given by Mendel.

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Who is known as the father of Genetics?

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If a cross is made between the plants having TT (tall) and tt (dwarf) genetic composition, which type of plants we will obtain in the next generation ?

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How do Mendel's experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive?

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What is the law of dominance of traits? Explain with an example.

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What is a monohybrid cross? Write the genotypic ratio and phenotypic ratio of Mendel’s monohybrid cross.

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In a breed of dog, long-haired phenotype is recessive to short-hair. In a litter, one pup is short- haired and its sibling is long-haired. Consider the following possible phenotypes of the parents.

i. Both parents are short-haired.

ii. Both parents are long-haired.

iii. One parent is short-haired, and one is long- haired.

Choose the CORRECT combination of the possible parental phenotypes.

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The genotypic ratio in F2 generation of monohybrid cross will be

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Define phenotype.

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Assess how many types of gametes are produced from the Pea plant having the genotype RRYY

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Rounded seeds (dominant trait) were crossed with wrinkled seeds (recessive trait).
(i)What type of seeds will be produced in F₁ generation?
(ii)By self-pollination in F₁ seeds, what percentage of seeds will be rounded shape in F₂ generation? Explain with diagram.

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‘‘The sex of a newborn child is a matter of chance and none of the parents may be considered responsible for it.’’ Justify this statement with the help of a flow chart showing sex-determination in human beings.

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Answer the following:

What will be the ratio in F₂ generation in Mendel's dihybrid cross?

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Carl Correns conducted a hybridization experiment using Four O'Clock plants. Draw the checkerboard of F₂ generation for the incomplete dominance phenomenon, when he crossed a homozygous plant having red flowers (RR) with another homozygous plant with white flowers (WW). Mention its genotypic ratio.

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Describe Monohybrid cross and discuss the salient features which emerge from such a cross.

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Explain Mendel's Law of dominance with example. Write any two importance of Mendel's law of inheritance.

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How do Mendel's experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive?

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A breeder crossed a pure breed tall plant having white flowers to a pure breed short plant having blue flowers. He obtained 202 F1 progeny and found that they are all tall having white flowers. Upon selfing these F1 plants, he obtained a progeny of 2160 plants. Approximately, how many of these are likely to be short and having blue flowers?

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Why are the traits acquired during the lifetime of an individual not inherited? Explain?

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A Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding pea plants bearing violet flowers with pea plants bearing white flowers. What will be the result in F1 progeny?

Explain monohybrid cross with an example, which law of inheritance can we understand?

Important Questions on Heredity and Evolution

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