Name: Gold Leaf Electroscope
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 10 min 22 s
Description: Learn about the instrument that responds to the presence of charges, just like a “Touch Me Not” plant! Interesting right? Watch this video to find out more!

Question

Explain three ways of charge transfer.

Accepted Answer

Charge transfer from one body to another can take place in one of the following three ways.

Transfer by Friction

Transfer by Conduction

Transfer by Induction

1. Charge transfer by friction.

When two neutral dissimilar objects are rubbed against each other, the free electrons from one object are transferred to the other object. The object which gains electrons on rubbing becomes negatively charged, and the object which loses electrons becomes positively charged. Thus, a body is charged by friction.

Example: When a glass rod is rubbed with a silk cloth, electrons from the glass rod are transferred to silk cloth. This is because the electrons in the outermost orbit are less tightly bound in glass than in silk. Thus, glass becomes positively charged due to loss of electrons and silk becomes negatively charged due to gain of electrons.

2. Charge transfer by conduction.

The process of transfer of charges by touching a charged body to a conductor is called conduction. This process of charging is used to charge metals. Both the bodies acquire the same type of charge in this method.

Example: When an uncharged metal sphere A is touched by a similar positively charged metal sphere B, charge from B flows to A till charge on A equals charge on B. Thus the sphere A also becomes positively charged by conduction.

3. Charge transfer by induction.
The process of charging an uncharged body by bringing a charged body near to it but without touching it is called induction. The uncharged body acquires an opposite charge at the near end and a similar charge at the farther end.

Example: If a negatively charged rod is brought near an uncharged metal sphere, positive charges are induced on the sphere towards the near end and negative charge towards the far end. If the far end is grounded, the electrons from that side flow to the ground. The positive charge on the near end remains as it is. Now, the grounding is removed. Then the negatively charged rod is also removed. The positive charge on the near end spreads throughout the surface of the metal sphere. Thus, the metal sphere is charged positively by induction.

Explain three ways of charge transfer.

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