Zooplankton is a heterotrophic plankton that includes anything from small creatures to large animals including jellyfish. Large bodies of water, such as oceans and freshwater systems, are rich in zooplankton. Zooplankton, which are ecologically essential species that are a part of the food chain.

Important atmospheric air pollutants include nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO). Humans have suffered catastrophic injuries, including death, as a result of high-intensity, confined space NO2 exposure. Carbon monoxide toxicity, both acute and chronic, is linked to an increased risk of adverse cardiopulmonary conditions, including death. However, except at high concentrations, studies have not shown a strong dose-dependent health risk response to rising levels of these contaminants.