Formulate balanced nuclear equations to describe the given example of radioactive decay:

Radium-221 is used in industrial radiography and undergoes alpha decay.

Formulate balanced nuclear equations to describe the given example of radioactive decay:

Iodine-131 and astatine -211 have medical uses in the treatment of cancer, particularly in the thyroid. Each undergoes beta negative decay.

Formulate balanced nuclear equations to describe the given example of radioactive decay:

${}^{60}\mathrm{Co}$ is used in external beam radiation therapy for treating cancer. It undergoes beta negative decay which is accompanied by the emission of gamma rays.

Formulate balanced nuclear equations to describe the given example of radioactive decay:

${}^{210}\mathrm{Po}$ is used as a power source in unmanned spacecraft, including new horizons (the probe that visited Pluto in 2015). It undergoes alpha decay.

Formulate the radioactive decay series ( in which the $\mathrm{\alpha } \mathrm{and} \mathrm{\beta }$ indicate the type of decay) to identify the nuclides X, Y and Z.

${}_{90}{}^{232}\mathrm{Th} - \mathrm{\alpha } \to \mathrm{X} -\mathrm{\beta } \to \mathrm{Y} -\mathrm{\beta } \to \mathrm{Z} - \mathrm{\alpha } \to {}_{88}{}^{224}\mathrm{Ra}$

Potassium-$40$ decays in three different ways:

about $90$ per cent of  ${}_{19}{}^{40}\mathrm{K}$ decays to ${}_{20}{}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ by $\beta$ emission.

Suggest how this process might be described using a nuclear equation.

Potassium-$40$ decays in three different ways:

a very very small amount ($0.001$ per cent) decays directly to ${}_{18}{}^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$ by ${\mathrm{\beta }}^{+}$ emission.

Suggest how this process might be described using a nuclear equation.

Potassium-$40$ decays in three different ways:

about $10$ per cent decays to  ${}_{18}{}^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$ by electron capture.

Suggest how this process might be described using a nuclear equation.