Hibernation is an adaptation which has resulted in a certain group of animals conserving energy by slowing down metabolism and maintaining their body temperature low in winters. Some hibernating animals like fish, frogs and turtles, snakes, bees, hedgehogs which have no way to keep warm during winter. Bears and bats are well known for hibernating. Hibernation benefits animal to survive when there is an inadequate food supply. Before entering into the hibernating state animal stores adequate fat to use during hibernation.

The branch of science that deals with the interrelationships amongst organisms and the interaction between organisms and their environment are called ecology and the term ecology is considered to have been coined by Ernst Haeckel in 1869 though its first actual use was made by Reiter in 1885. Hence, the correct answer is ecology.

The outermost layer of the Earth which is composed of Crust and Upper Mantle of the Earth is termed as Lithosphere and tectonic plates are a subclass of Lithosphere, and it has rigid mechanical aspects. Mainly there are two types of lithosphere they are Oceanic: It is correlated with oceanic crust and founds in the ocean basins. Continental: It is correlated with continental crust.

The mass of air surrounding the earth is known as the atmosphere, and it covers the earth like a blanket by keeping temperatures within a relatively small range and blocking out harmful rays of sunlight. Argon, oxygen and nitrogen are the three main components of the atmosphere.

The water content of the earth is known as the hydrosphere, and it is the united mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of the earth. It has been approximated that there are 1386 million cubic kilometres of water on earth. This comprises water in liquid and frozen forms in groundwater, oceans, lakes and streams around 71% of Earth’s surface, an area of some 361 million square kilometres is overlaid by ocean.

The parts of the earth the different strata of air, soil and water, where living organisms survive of live together with the abiotic component is called the biosphere, and it is a global ecosystem comprised of both biotic and the abiotic(non-living) factors from which they obtain energy and nutrients

The type of natural environment in which a particular species of organism lives is termed as habitat and every organism has specific habitat needs for the situations in which it will thrive, but some are receptive to wide variations while others are very particular in their requirements. A habitat is not certainly a geographical area, it can be the inside of a stem, a rock, a rotten log or a clump of moss, and for a parasite, the habitat is the body of the host.